@ar.io/proof

Verify ar.io verification-stack provenance records — with no ar.io code or service in the trust path.

This is the TypeScript verification kernel for the Verifiable Event Envelope family: the signed JSON records that tools like the ariod verification agent and the MLflow plugin anchor permanently to Arweave. Given an envelope (fetched from any Arweave gateway), this package answers: is it authentic, and does it commit to the bytes I'm holding?

• RFC 8785 (JCS) canonicalization
• SHA-256 payload binding (WebCrypto)
• Ed25519 signature verification (@noble/ed25519)
• RFC 9162 binary Merkle inclusion proofs (checkpoint leaves)
• Zero config, two small dependencies, ESM, browser + Node ≥ 20

Install

npm install @ar.io/proof

Verify an envelope

Fetch the raw transaction from any Arweave gateway and verify it client-side:

import { verifyEnvelope } from "@ar.io/proof";

const env = await (await fetch("https://arweave.net/raw/<tx_id>")).json();
const result = await verifyEnvelope(env);

result.ok;            // spec_version + payload_hash + Ed25519 all passed
result.signatureOk;   // Ed25519 over the signed scope, against env.public_key
result.payloadHashOk; // SHA-256(JCS(payload)) === env.payload_hash
result.errors;        // [] when ok — machine-readable reasons otherwise

verifyEnvelope never throws on hostile input — a malformed envelope (or a lying gateway) yields ok: false with reasons, not an exception.

Bind an envelope to bytes you hold (reverse provenance)

The check that defeats a lying gateway: Arweave tags are unsigned search hints, so after finding a candidate envelope, confirm it actually commits to your artifact's hash:

import { sha256Hex, verifyEnvelope, contentHashes } from "@ar.io/proof";

const myHash = await sha256Hex(fileBytes); // 64-char lowercase hex

const result = await verifyEnvelope(env, myHash);
result.contentHashOk; // true ⇔ the envelope commits to exactly these bytes
result.contentRole;   // how it commits: e.g. the registered baseline,
                      // an observed (tampered) hash, …

contentHashes(env);   // all content hashes an envelope commits to, by event type

Verify a whole trace bundle — one command

The @ar.io/anchor SDK hands a producer a set of InclusionReceipts and can serialize them into one portable, self-verifying ario.evidence/v1 bundle (body_type: ario.anchor.trace/v1). Verify the entire bundle — every event's signature + payload binding + Merkle inclusion, all offline — with the bundled CLI:

npx @ar.io/proof verify trace-bundle.json
# also re-fetch each checkpoint on-chain to confirm it's anchored:
npx @ar.io/proof verify trace-bundle.json https://arweave.net,https://permagate.io

It prints a per-event + rollup verdict and exits on a pinned code — 0 verified · 1 a real failure (bad signature / tamper / broken inclusion) · 2 malformed bundle · 3 gateway-unavailable when an on-chain re-fetch was requested. The producer's asserted verdict is shown but never trusted — the displayed verdict is always recomputed from the body. The same CLI also verifies the agent's ario.agent.proof/v1 inclusion bundle (it sniffs spec_version), so one command covers anchor + agent.

The verify CLI is live in @ar.io/proof ≥ 0.2.2 — npx @ar.io/proof verify <bundle> [gateways]. verifyEvidenceBundle is the programmatic API.

Programmatically:

import { verifyEvidenceBundle } from "@ar.io/proof";

const bundle = JSON.parse(await fs.readFile("trace-bundle.json", "utf8"));
const result = await verifyEvidenceBundle(bundle, { gateways: ["https://arweave.net"] });

result.status;       // "verified" | "partial" | "failed" | "malformed" (recomputed)
result.signatureOk;  // wrapper Ed25519 signature
result.bodyHashOk;   // body_hash === SHA-256(JCS(body))
result.checkpoints;  // per-checkpoint envelope / merkle-root / on-chain results
result.events;       // per-event signature / payload-binding / inclusion results

A withheld record_bytes (external commitment, record not disclosed) leaves that event's payload binding undetermined — surfaced, never failed (the bundle stays cryptographically sound).

…including the raw logs, when the holder discloses them

The checks above prove the stamps. To also confirm a holder's raw logs are the bytes whose hash was anchored, the verifier closes the final rawLog → content_hash link: SHA-256(disclosed bytes) must equal the content_hash the event's record committed to.

A bundle a producer built with disclosure carries the bytes in the signed body (events[].content), so they're checked automatically — no flag, and the disclosure is itself covered by the wrapper signature:

npx @ar.io/proof verify trace-bundle.json          # in-body content verified inline

If the logs travel alongside a minimal bundle instead, pass them with --logs — a JSON object mapping event_id → bytes, where an even-length lowercase-hex string is read as hex and anything else as UTF-8 text:

npx @ar.io/proof verify trace-bundle.json --logs logs.json

Either way each event gains a contentOk: true match · false mismatch (the event and the rollup fail, exit 1) · null undetermined — nothing disclosed, or no committed content_hash (a withheld record); never a failure, mirroring the payload-binding rule. The CLI prints a logs ✓/✗/~ mark per event and a logs: N/M disclosed verified line.

Programmatically the same side input is content, keyed by event_id — a Uint8Array is used as-is, a string is hex:

const result = await verifyEvidenceBundle(bundle, {
  content: { [eventId]: rawLogBytes }, // Uint8Array, or a hex string
});
result.events[0].contentOk; // true | false | null

In-body events[].content (signed) takes precedence over the side input; if both are present for an event and disagree, the event fails.

Verify a Merkle inclusion proof

Agents close daily checkpoints over per-cycle leaves (RFC 9162, §2.1 domain separation — not the Bitcoin duplicate-leaf variant). Verify a leaf's inclusion against an anchored root:

import { leafHash, verifyInclusion, hexToBytes } from "@ar.io/proof";

const ok = await verifyInclusion(
  await leafHash(leafBytes), // Uint8Array leaf hash
  leafIndex,                 // 0-based position
  totalLeaves,
  auditPath.map(hexToBytes), // sibling hashes, leaf → root
  hexToBytes(expectedRootHex),
);

API

| Export | What it does | |---|---| | verifyEnvelope(env, optionsOrContentHash?) | The three load-bearing checks (spec-version registry, payload-hash recompute, Ed25519 over the signed scope) + optional content bind. Pass { payloadBytes } for external-commitment envelopes. Returns VerificationResult. | | verifyEvidenceBundle(bundle, { gateways?, fetchImpl? }) | Verify a signed ario.evidence/v1 / ario.anchor.trace/v1 bundle: wrapper signature + body_hash + every checkpoint + every event's inclusion, offline (optional on-chain re-fetch). Returns EvidenceBundleResult. Powers the npx @ar.io/proof verify CLI. | | verifyAgentProofBundle(bundle, { gateways?, fetchImpl? }) / isAgentProofSpec(v) | Verify the agent's ario.agent.proof/v1 inclusion bundle (artifact.md §10). | | contentHashes(env) | The content hash(es) an envelope commits to, by event type — the reverse-provenance join keys. | | specVersionSupported(v) | Fail-closed accept-check: ario.agent/v1 and additive minors (ario.agent/v1.<n>). Unknown majors/profiles are rejected. | | jcs(value) | RFC 8785 canonical JSON bytes. | | sha256Hex(bytes) / sha256Bytes(bytes) | SHA-256 via WebCrypto. | | ed25519Verify(sig, msg, pubKey) | Raw Ed25519 verification. | | leafHash / nodeHash / merkleRoot / auditPath / verifyInclusion / EMPTY_TREE_ROOT_HEX | RFC 9162 binary Merkle tree primitives. | | utf8 / bytesToHex / hexToBytes | Encoding helpers. | | Envelope / VerificationResult / ContentRole / Subject | Types. |

Signed scope

The primary signature covers JCS(envelope minus signature minus co_signatures) (envelope-spec §2/§7.1). The reserved co_signatures carve-out lets countersignatures be added later without invalidating the primary signature.

Why you can trust it (without trusting us)

Three independent implementations of this kernel exist — this package, the Python ar-io-proof (PyPI), and the Go reference (ar-io-agent/pkg/proof, MIT-carved) — and every one is conformance-gated byte-for-byte in CI against the shared, frozen test-vectors-v1.2 corpus (per-file SHA-256 pins). The proof-checker web app additionally runs this kernel and a WASM build of the Go reference against each other live, asserting identical verdicts across the corpus plus adversarial negatives.

That mutual gate is the point: anyone can verify ar.io provenance records with no ar.io code in the trust path — write your own verifier against the public specs and the corpus will tell you if it's conformant.

What this package deliberately does NOT do

• Single-envelope scope. Chain walking (previous_hash), checkpoint reconciliation, and gateway/transport logic are consumer-layer concerns composed above the kernel.
• Provenance is history, not endorsement. A verified envelope proves these bytes have this signed, anchored history — never "safe," "approved," or "currently in production."
• Key identity is out-of-band. The kernel proves the signature matches env.public_key; binding that key to a real-world identity is yours to establish.

Requirements

ESM-only. Needs WebCrypto (globalThis.crypto.subtle): any modern browser, Node.js ≥ 20 (≥ 19 works), Deno, Bun, workers.

License

MIT — verification must be open.