@arcjet/fastify

v1.4.0

Published

24 days ago

Arcjet runtime security SDK for Fastify — bot protection, rate limiting, prompt injection detection, PII blocking, and WAF

Downloads

1,376

`@arcjet/fastify`

Arcjet is the runtime security platform that ships with your AI code. Stop bots and automated attacks from burning your AI budget, leaking data, or misusing tools with Arcjet's AI security building blocks. Every feature works with any Fastify application.

This is the Arcjet SDK for Fastify.

Getting started

Get your API key at app.arcjet.com
npm install @arcjet/fastify
Set ARCJET_KEY=ajkey_yourkey in your environment
Add Arcjet to your server — see the quick start below

npm package | GitHub source | Full docs | Other SDKs on GitHub

Features

🔒 Prompt Injection Detection — detect and block prompt injection attacks before they reach your LLM.
🤖 Bot Protection — stop scrapers, credential stuffers, and AI crawlers from abusing your endpoints.
🛑 Rate Limiting — token bucket, fixed window, and sliding window algorithms; model AI token budgets per user.
🕵️ Sensitive Information Detection — block PII, credit cards, and custom patterns from entering your AI pipeline.
🛡️ Shield WAF — protect against SQL injection, XSS, and other common web attacks.
📧 Email Validation — block disposable, invalid, and undeliverable addresses at signup.
📝 Signup Form Protection — combines bot protection, email validation, and rate limiting to protect your signup forms.
🎯 Request Filters — expression-based rules on IP, path, headers, and custom fields.
🌐 IP Analysis — geolocation, ASN, VPN, proxy, Tor, and hosting detection included with every request.

Quick start

This example protects a Fastify server with bot detection, Shield WAF, and token bucket rate limiting.

// index.ts
import arcjet, { detectBot, shield, tokenBucket } from "@arcjet/fastify";
import { isSpoofedBot } from "@arcjet/inspect";
import Fastify from "fastify";

const aj = arcjet({
  key: process.env.ARCJET_KEY!, // Get your site key from https://app.arcjet.com
  rules: [
    // Shield protects your app from common attacks e.g. SQL injection
    shield({ mode: "LIVE" }),
    // Create a bot detection rule
    detectBot({
      mode: "LIVE", // Blocks requests. Use "DRY_RUN" to log only
      // Block all bots except the following
      allow: [
        "CATEGORY:SEARCH_ENGINE", // Google, Bing, etc
        // Uncomment to allow these other common bot categories
        // See the full list at https://arcjet.com/bot-list
        //"CATEGORY:MONITOR", // Uptime monitoring services
        //"CATEGORY:PREVIEW", // Link previews e.g. Slack, Discord
      ],
    }),
    // Token bucket rate limit. Other algorithms are supported.
    tokenBucket({
      mode: "LIVE",
      refillRate: 5, // Refill 5 tokens per interval
      interval: 10, // Refill every 10 seconds
      capacity: 10, // Bucket capacity of 10 tokens
    }),
  ],
});

const fastify = Fastify({ logger: true });

fastify.get("/", async function (request, reply) {
  const decision = await aj.protect(request, { requested: 5 }); // Deduct 5 tokens
  console.log("Arcjet decision", decision);

  if (decision.isDenied()) {
    if (decision.reason.isRateLimit()) {
      return reply.status(429).send({ error: "Too many requests" });
    } else if (decision.reason.isBot()) {
      return reply.status(403).send({ error: "No bots allowed" });
    } else {
      return reply.status(403).send({ error: "Forbidden" });
    }
  }

  // Requests from hosting IPs are likely from bots.
  // https://docs.arcjet.com/blueprints/vpn-proxy-detection
  if (decision.ip.isHosting()) {
    return reply.status(403).send({ error: "Forbidden" });
  }

  // Verifies the authenticity of common bots using IP data.
  // Verification isn't always possible, so check the results separately.
  // https://docs.arcjet.com/bot-protection/reference#bot-verification
  if (decision.results.some(isSpoofedBot)) {
    return reply.status(403).send({ error: "Forbidden" });
  }

  return reply.send({ message: "Hello world" });
});

await fastify.listen({ port: 8000 });

For the full reference, see the Arcjet Fastify SDK docs.

Prompt injection detection

Detect and block prompt injection attacks — attempts to override your AI model's instructions — before they reach your model. Pass the user's message via detectPromptInjectionMessage on each protect() call.

import arcjet, { detectPromptInjection } from "@arcjet/fastify";
import Fastify from "fastify";

const aj = arcjet({
  key: process.env.ARCJET_KEY!,
  rules: [
    detectPromptInjection({
      mode: "LIVE", // Blocks requests. Use "DRY_RUN" to log only
    }),
  ],
});

const fastify = Fastify({ logger: true });

fastify.post("/chat", async function (request, reply) {
  const { message } = request.body as { message: string };

  const decision = await aj.protect(request, {
    detectPromptInjectionMessage: message,
  });

  if (decision.isDenied() && decision.reason.isPromptInjection()) {
    return reply.status(400).send({
      error: "Prompt injection detected — please rephrase your message",
    });
  }

  // Forward to your AI model...
});

Bot protection

Arcjet allows you to configure a list of bots to allow or deny. Specifying allow means all other bots are denied. An empty allow list blocks all bots.

Available categories: CATEGORY:ACADEMIC, CATEGORY:ADVERTISING, CATEGORY:AI, CATEGORY:AMAZON, CATEGORY:APPLE, CATEGORY:ARCHIVE, CATEGORY:BOTNET, CATEGORY:FEEDFETCHER, CATEGORY:GOOGLE, CATEGORY:META, CATEGORY:MICROSOFT, CATEGORY:MONITOR, CATEGORY:OPTIMIZER, CATEGORY:PREVIEW, CATEGORY:PROGRAMMATIC, CATEGORY:SEARCH_ENGINE, CATEGORY:SLACK, CATEGORY:SOCIAL, CATEGORY:TOOL, CATEGORY:UNKNOWN, CATEGORY:VERCEL, CATEGORY:WEBHOOK, CATEGORY:YAHOO. You can also allow or deny specific bots by name.

import arcjet, { detectBot } from "@arcjet/fastify";
import { isSpoofedBot } from "@arcjet/inspect";

const aj = arcjet({
  key: process.env.ARCJET_KEY!,
  rules: [
    detectBot({
      mode: "LIVE",
      allow: [
        "CATEGORY:SEARCH_ENGINE",
        // See the full list at https://arcjet.com/bot-list
      ],
    }),
  ],
});

// In your route handler:
const decision = await aj.protect(request);

if (decision.isDenied() && decision.reason.isBot()) {
  return reply.status(403).send({ error: "No bots allowed" });
}

// Verifies the authenticity of common bots using IP data.
if (decision.results.some(isSpoofedBot)) {
  return reply.status(403).send({ error: "Forbidden" });
}

Bot categories

Bots can be configured by category and/or by specific bot name. For example, to allow search engines and the OpenAI crawler, but deny all other bots:

detectBot({
  mode: "LIVE",
  allow: ["CATEGORY:SEARCH_ENGINE", "OPENAI_CRAWLER_SEARCH"],
});

Verified vs spoofed bots

Bots claiming to be well-known crawlers (e.g. Googlebot) are verified by checking their IP address against known IP ranges. If a bot fails verification, it is labeled as spoofed. Use isSpoofedBot from @arcjet/inspect to check:

import { isSpoofedBot } from "@arcjet/inspect";

if (decision.results.some(isSpoofedBot)) {
  return reply.status(403).send({ error: "Forbidden" });
}

Rate limiting

Arcjet supports token bucket, fixed window, and sliding window algorithms. Token buckets are ideal for controlling AI token budgets — set capacity to the max tokens a user can spend, refillRate to how many tokens are restored per interval, and deduct tokens per request via requested in protect(). The interval accepts strings ("1s", "1m", "1h", "1d") or seconds as a number. Use characteristics to track limits per user instead of per IP.

import arcjet, { tokenBucket } from "@arcjet/fastify";

const aj = arcjet({
  key: process.env.ARCJET_KEY!,
  characteristics: ["userId"], // Track per user
  rules: [
    tokenBucket({
      mode: "LIVE",
      refillRate: 2_000, // Refill 2,000 tokens per hour
      interval: "1h",
      capacity: 5_000, // Maximum 5,000 tokens in the bucket
    }),
  ],
});

const decision = await aj.protect(request, {
  userId: "user-123",
  requested: estimate, // Number of tokens to deduct
});

if (decision.isDenied() && decision.reason.isRateLimit()) {
  return reply.status(429).send({ error: "Rate limit exceeded" });
}

Sensitive information detection

Detect and block PII in request content. Pass the content to scan via sensitiveInfoValue on each protect() call. Built-in entity types: CREDIT_CARD_NUMBER, EMAIL, PHONE_NUMBER, IP_ADDRESS. You can also provide a custom detect callback for additional patterns.

import arcjet, { sensitiveInfo } from "@arcjet/fastify";

const aj = arcjet({
  key: process.env.ARCJET_KEY!,
  rules: [
    sensitiveInfo({
      mode: "LIVE", // Blocks requests. Use "DRY_RUN" to log only
      deny: ["CREDIT_CARD_NUMBER", "EMAIL", "PHONE_NUMBER"],
    }),
  ],
});

const decision = await aj.protect(request, {
  sensitiveInfoValue: userMessage, // The text content to scan
});

if (decision.isDenied() && decision.reason.isSensitiveInfo()) {
  return reply.status(400).send({ error: "Sensitive information detected" });
}

Shield WAF

Protect your application against common web attacks, including the OWASP Top 10.

import arcjet, { shield } from "@arcjet/fastify";

const aj = arcjet({
  key: process.env.ARCJET_KEY!,
  rules: [
    shield({
      mode: "LIVE", // Blocks requests. Use "DRY_RUN" to log only
    }),
  ],
});

Email validation

Validate and verify email addresses. Deny types: DISPOSABLE, FREE, NO_MX_RECORDS, NO_GRAVATAR, INVALID.

import arcjet, { validateEmail } from "@arcjet/fastify";

const aj = arcjet({
  key: process.env.ARCJET_KEY!,
  rules: [
    validateEmail({
      mode: "LIVE",
      deny: ["DISPOSABLE", "INVALID", "NO_MX_RECORDS"],
    }),
  ],
});

const decision = await aj.protect(request, {
  email: "[email protected]",
});

if (decision.isDenied() && decision.reason.isEmail()) {
  return reply.status(400).send({ error: "Invalid email address" });
}

Request filters

Filter requests using expression-based rules against request properties (IP, headers, path, method, etc.).

import arcjet, { filter } from "@arcjet/fastify";

const aj = arcjet({
  key: process.env.ARCJET_KEY!,
  rules: [
    filter({
      mode: "LIVE",
      deny: ['ip.src == "1.2.3.4"'],
    }),
  ],
});

Block by country

Restrict access to specific countries — useful for licensing, compliance, or regional rollouts. The allow list denies all countries not listed:

filter({
  mode: "LIVE",
  // Allow only US traffic — all other countries are denied
  allow: ['ip.src.country == "US"'],
});

Block VPN and proxy traffic

Prevent anonymized traffic from accessing sensitive endpoints — useful for fraud prevention, enforcing geo-restrictions, and reducing abuse:

filter({
  mode: "LIVE",
  deny: [
    "ip.src.vpn", // VPN services
    "ip.src.proxy", // Open proxies
    "ip.src.tor", // Tor exit nodes
  ],
});

For more nuanced handling, use decision.ip helpers after calling protect():

const decision = await aj.protect(request);

if (decision.ip.isVpn() || decision.ip.isTor()) {
  return reply.status(403).send({ error: "VPN traffic not allowed" });
}

See the Request Filters docs, IP Geolocation blueprint, and VPN/Proxy Detection blueprint for more details.

IP analysis

Arcjet enriches every request with IP metadata. Use these helpers to make policy decisions based on network signals:

const decision = await aj.protect(request);

if (decision.ip.isHosting()) {
  // Requests from cloud/hosting providers are often automated.
  // https://docs.arcjet.com/blueprints/vpn-proxy-detection
  return reply.status(403).send({ error: "Forbidden" });
}

if (decision.ip.isVpn() || decision.ip.isProxy() || decision.ip.isTor()) {
  // Handle VPN/proxy traffic according to your policy
}

// Access geolocation and network details
console.log(decision.ip.country, decision.ip.city, decision.ip.asn);

Custom characteristics

Track and limit requests by any stable identifier — user ID, API key, session, etc. — rather than IP address alone.

const aj = arcjet({
  key: process.env.ARCJET_KEY!,
  characteristics: ["userId"], // Declare at the SDK level
  rules: [
    tokenBucket({
      mode: "LIVE",
      refillRate: 2_000,
      interval: "1h",
      capacity: 5_000,
    }),
  ],
});

// Pass the characteristic value at request time
const decision = await aj.protect(request, {
  userId: "user-123", // Replace with your actual user ID
  requested: estimate,
});

Best practices

See the Arcjet best practices for detailed guidance. Key recommendations:

Create a single client instance and reuse it with withRule() for route-specific rules. The SDK caches decisions and configuration, so creating a new instance per request wastes that work.

// lib/arcjet.ts — create once, import everywhere
import arcjet, { shield } from "@arcjet/fastify";

export default arcjet({
  key: process.env.ARCJET_KEY!,
  rules: [
    shield({ mode: "LIVE" }), // base rules applied to every request
  ],
});

// routes/chat.ts — extend per-route with withRule()
import aj from "./lib/arcjet.js";
import { detectBot, tokenBucket } from "@arcjet/fastify";

const routeAj = aj.withRule(detectBot({ mode: "LIVE", allow: [] })).withRule(
  tokenBucket({
    mode: "LIVE",
    refillRate: 2_000,
    interval: "1h",
    capacity: 5_000,
  }),
);

export async function chatHandler(request: any, reply: any) {
  const decision = await routeAj.protect(request, { requested: 500 });
  // ...
}

Other recommendations:

Start rules in DRY_RUN mode to observe behavior before switching to LIVE. This lets you tune thresholds without affecting real traffic.
Configure proxies if your app runs behind a load balancer or reverse proxy so Arcjet resolves the real client IP:
```
arcjet({
  key: process.env.ARCJET_KEY!,
  rules: [],
  proxies: ["100.100.100.100"],
});
```
Handle errors explicitly. protect() never throws — on error it returns an ERROR result. Fail open by logging and allowing the request:
```
if (decision.isErrored()) {
  console.error("Arcjet error", decision.reason.message);
  // allow the request to proceed
}
```