@atlasauth/pca-fndsa-wasm

The FN-DSA (Falcon, FIPS 206) signature backend for @atlasauth/pca's post-quantum suite registry. It provides key generation, signing and — the operation the PCA verifier actually performs — signature verification, for the two standardized parameter sets:

| variant | security | verifying key | signing key | signature | | -------------- | -------- | ------------- | ----------- | --------- | | fn-dsa-512 | cat. 1 | 897 B | 1345 B | 666 B | | fn-dsa-1024 | cat. 5 | 1793 B | 2369 B | 1280 B |

Install

npm i @atlasauth/pca-fndsa-wasm

This is the backend @atlasauth/pca uses for its FN-DSA suites; you normally get it as a dependency of @atlasauth/pca.

Node >= 20. The .wasm file ships inside the package and is loaded relative to the installed dist/ directory; no build step or Rust toolchain is needed to use it.

The vetted boundary (no hand-rolled crypto)

Every FN-DSA / Falcon operation — ntrugen key generation, the Falcon sign_dyn Gaussian sampler + FFT, and NTT signature verification — runs through the pure-Rust fn-dsa crate family by Thomas Pornin (the Falcon author), crates.io 0.4.0, compiled to WebAssembly (crate/). This is the RustSec-recommended successor to the unmaintained pqcrypto-falcon. The meta crate ties together fn-dsa-kgen / fn-dsa-sign / fn-dsa-vrfy / fn-dsa-comm. None of the lattice math, the FFT/NTT, the discrete-Gaussian sampler or the key/signature encodings is reimplemented here.

This crate adds only non-cryptographic glue: a SHAKE256-seeded deterministic RNG (built from fn-dsa's own re-exported SHAKE256, so keygen/signing are reproducible for known-answer tests) and the fixed-buffer C-ABI marshalling in crate/src/lib.rs.

fn-dsa is #![no_std], uses no allocator (all working state is in fixed-size arrays inside the key / generator structs — there is no Vec/Box anywhere in its source) and has no external deps beyond rand_core + zeroize, so it targets wasm32-unknown-unknown as pure Rust with no std and no imports (the module instantiates with an empty import object). Unlike pqc_kyber, no [patch.crates-io] vendor copy is needed. The #![no_std] cdylib must still define a global allocator because the crate graph references the alloc symbol (unstrippable Drop/zeroize glue); the shipped wasm defines an abort-on-allocate allocator that is provably never invoked — the full keygen → sign → verify round-trip runs green against it in WebAssembly for both parameter sets.

API

import {
  keygen, sign, verify,            // FN-DSA keygen / sign / verify (per variant)
  sizes,                           // byte lengths for a variant's vk / sk / sig
  SEED_BYTES, MSG_CAP,             // 32; max message length
  type FnDsaVariant,               // 'fn-dsa-512' | 'fn-dsa-1024'
} from '@atlasauth/pca-fndsa-wasm';

const { verifyingKey, signingKey } = keygen('fn-dsa-512', seed /* 32 B */);
const sig = sign('fn-dsa-512', signingKey, message, sigSeed /* 32 B */);
const ok  = verify('fn-dsa-512', verifyingKey, message, sig); // -> boolean

The WASM is no_std, allocator-free at runtime, instantiates with an empty import object, and is driven through fixed static buffers in linear memory (mirrors @atlasauth/pca-mpc-wasm / @atlasauth/pca-mpc-lwe-ot-wasm). Messages and signatures are the raw FN-DSA scheme with DOMAIN_NONE and HASH_ID_RAW (no caller pre-hash).

Build & test

pnpm build:wasm   # cargo build --release --target wasm32-unknown-unknown + copy artifact + cargo clean
pnpm build        # tsc
pnpm test         # vitest: round-trips, cross-implementation vectors and negative cases through the wasm binding

Native round-trip and tamper tests for the FN-DSA arithmetic live in crate/src/lib.rs (cargo test).

Standard status (honest note)

FN-DSA is FIPS 206, finalized-pending: NIST has not yet published the final standard text. The fn-dsa crate tracks the draft and warns that key encodings, message pre-hashing and domain separation MAY change before its 1.0 release, so keys and signatures produced here are not guaranteed interoperable with the eventual final FN-DSA standard. Track the standard and re-pin the crate when FIPS 206 lands.

• Signing / keygen are best-effort constant-time: FN-DSA (Falcon) signing is a known-hard target for constant-time implementation because of its floating-point discrete-Gaussian sampler, and on wasm32 (no native IEEE-754 ABI guarantee) fn-dsa uses a portable FP emulation that makes a best effort at constant time. This is a documented side-channel boundary of the primitive, not a break of its security.
• Verification — the PCA verifier's only use of this backend — is the public-key operation: it touches no secret and uses no floating point.

What is validated, and what is not

No official test vectors exist for FN-DSA yet. As checked on 2026-10-09, the NIST ACVP-Server repository has no FN-DSA/Falcon/FIPS 206 test files (it has ML-DSA and SLH-DSA), and FIPS 206 is still a draft, so no official FN-DSA vectors are used. Nothing in this package is claimed to be validated against NIST FN-DSA vectors.

What the official Falcon round-3 known-answer files (the original Falcon submission to the NIST PQC archive, 100 entries each for 512 and 1024, pinned by sha256 in test-vectors/falcon-round3/) do cover, and what they cannot:

• Keys: usable after transcoding. Original Falcon and the FN-DSA draft encode the same key material differently (bit order of the packed coefficients, the public key in coefficient form versus the NTT domain, an extra public-key hash in the FN-DSA signing key). Each official key pair is transcoded, a signature is produced through this backend and it verifies under the transcoded original public key, for all 200 entries. The untranscoded round-3 encodings are rejected.
• Signatures: not compatible. Round-3 signatures hash a different input and use a variable-length container, so FN-DSA verification rejects them. The test asserts this rather than assuming it.
• Key generation from the KAT seeds: not tested.

What the tests do cover:

• Cross-implementation, both directions. Signatures produced by an independent implementation of the same draft (the C library pornin/c-fn-dsa at a pinned commit; a separate code base and language from the Rust fn-dsa crate in the wasm) verify in the wasm, and signatures produced by the wasm are accepted by the C implementation. Both FN-DSA-512 and FN-DSA-1024, with empty, short and 1000-byte messages. The vectors are generated, not official, and are labelled as such in the fixture.
• Negative cases. For every cross-implementation signature, every single-bit flip of the signature is rejected, as are a modified message, a different verifying key, a wrong header byte, non-zero padding and a malformed verifying key. Wrong-size inputs throw an error that names the field and the expected size.
• Determinism. Keys and signatures reproduce bit-for-bit from their seeds.

Limits:

• The C implementation shares its author (and its reading of the draft) with the Rust crate, so agreement shows the two code bases implement the same draft correctly, not that the draft is what NIST will publish.
• Original-Falcon libraries (for example liboqs 0.16.0) use different secret-key encodings and message hashing from the FN-DSA draft: they reject FN-DSA secret keys and this backend rejects theirs. They cannot be used to cross-check signatures.
• Seeded key generation is not specified by the draft; the C and Rust implementations derive different keys from the same seed, so keys are compared by interoperability, not equality.
• Constant-time behavior of signing and key generation on wasm has not been measured.

Use with @atlasauth/pca

@atlasauth/pca registers fn-dsa-512 and fn-dsa-1024 as signature suites and loads this package as its verification and signing backend. If the backend cannot be loaded, FN-DSA verification fails closed.

Build provenance

The shipped wasm/pca_fndsa_wasm.wasm is built from the Rust source in crate/ (with its Cargo.lock) and is bit-for-bit reproducible.

| | | | --- | --- | | artifact | wasm/pca_fndsa_wasm.wasm | | sha256 | 95c1cd16fb135c4a524a5ff19548d5d1a5ce43fc1f00e19f4465b5111d8903ad | | target | wasm32-unknown-unknown, --release --locked via crate/build-wasm.sh (path-remapped; opt-level s, LTO, panic = "abort", stripped) | | toolchain | rustc 1.99.0 (b940084d7 2026-09-28), cargo 1.99.0 | | locked crates | fn-dsa 0.4.0 (and its locked transitive crates) |

Verify: bash crate/build-wasm.sh && shasum -a 256 wasm/pca_fndsa_wasm.wasm (needs rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown). The script passes --remap-path-prefix for the crate, home, cargo registry and rustc sysroot and -Cdebuginfo=0, so the build is path-independent: no host path is embedded, and the same sha256 results from any checkout location.

License

MIT - see LICENSE.