Metrics

Custom application metrics backed by Amazon CloudWatch (via Embedded Metric Format).

When to use: You need to track numeric measurements over time — request counts, error rates, latency, queue depths, business KPIs. Good for dashboards, alarms, and operational visibility.

When NOT to use: If you need structured log output, use Logging. If you need distributed request tracing, use Tracing. If you need to store time-series data for querying, use Database or DistributedTable.

API

const metrics = new Metrics(scope, id, options?)

| Method | Returns | Description | |--------|---------|-------------| | emit(name, value, options?) | void | Record a single metric data point via EMF. | | emitBatch(metrics) | void | Record multiple metric data points in one EMF document (max 100). | | flush() | void | No-op (EMF writes are immediate). Provided for interface compatibility. | | child(dimensions) | MetricsEmitter | Create a child emitter with inherited namespace and merged dimensions. | | Metrics.fromExisting(namespace) | ExternalMetricsRef | Wrap a pre-existing CloudWatch namespace. |

Options

| Option | Type | Description | |--------|------|-------------| | namespace | string | CloudWatch namespace. Defaults to scope.fullId. | | defaultDimensions | Record<string, string> | Dimensions applied to every emit. Per-emit dimensions merge on top (per-emit wins on conflict). | | metrics | ExternalMetricsRef | Wrap an existing CloudWatch namespace instead of creating one. When set, namespace is ignored. | | logger | ChildLogger | Optional logger for internal operations. When omitted, a default Logger at error level is created. |

EmitOptions

| Option | Type | Description | |--------|------|-------------| | unit | MetricUnit | Unit of the metric value. Defaults to 'None'. | | dimensions | Record<string, string> | Dimensions for this data point (max 30 total including defaults). | | timestamp | Date | Timestamp for the data point. Defaults to now. | | resolution | MetricResolution | 'standard' (60s, default) or 'high' (1s, higher cost). |

MetricUnit

type MetricUnit =
  | 'Count' | 'Seconds' | 'Milliseconds' | 'Microseconds'
  | 'Bytes' | 'Kilobytes' | 'Megabytes' | 'Gigabytes'
  | 'Percent' | 'Bits/Second' | 'None';

Error Handling

import { isBlocksError } from '@aws-blocks/core';
import { MetricsErrors } from '@aws-blocks/bb-metrics';

try {
  metrics.emit('', 1);
} catch (e: unknown) {
  if (isBlocksError(e, MetricsErrors.InvalidMetricName)) {
    // metric name is empty or exceeds 1024 characters
  }
}

| Error | Condition | |-------|-----------| | MetricsErrors.InvalidMetricName | Metric name is empty or exceeds 1024 characters. | | MetricsErrors.InvalidDimensions | Dimensions exceed 30 entries, or contain empty keys/values, or key/value exceeds 1024 chars. | | MetricsErrors.BatchTooLarge | Batch contains more than 100 metrics. | | MetricsErrors.InvalidNamespace | Namespace is empty, too long, contains invalid characters, or uses reserved AWS/ prefix. |

Examples

Basic Usage

import { Scope, ApiNamespace } from '@aws-blocks/blocks';
import { Metrics } from '@aws-blocks/bb-metrics';

const scope = new Scope('my-app');
const metrics = new Metrics(scope, 'appMetrics', {
  namespace: 'MyApp/Orders',
  defaultDimensions: { service: 'orders' },
});

export const api = new ApiNamespace(scope, 'api', (context) => ({
  async handleRequest() {
    metrics.emit('RequestCount', 1, { unit: 'Count' });
    metrics.emit('Latency', 42, { unit: 'Milliseconds' });
    return { ok: true };
  },
}));

Emit with Dimensions

metrics.emit('RequestCount', 1, {
  unit: 'Count',
  dimensions: { endpoint: '/api/users', method: 'GET' },
});

Batch Emit

metrics.emitBatch([
  { name: 'RequestCount', value: 1, unit: 'Count' },
  { name: 'Latency', value: 42, unit: 'Milliseconds' },
  { name: 'ErrorCount', value: 0, unit: 'Count' },
]);

Child Emitters (Scoped Dimensions)

const requestMetrics = metrics.child({ endpoint: '/api/users', method: 'GET' });
requestMetrics.emit('RequestCount', 1);
requestMetrics.emit('Latency', 35, { unit: 'Milliseconds' });

Children inherit the parent's namespace and default dimensions, merging their own on top. Children can be nested arbitrarily.

Wrapping an Existing Namespace

const legacy = new Metrics(scope, 'legacy', {
  metrics: Metrics.fromExisting('MyOrg/SharedMetrics'),
});
legacy.emit('MigrationCount', 1);

High-Resolution Metrics

metrics.emit('CPUSpike', 95.2, {
  unit: 'Percent',
  resolution: 'high', // 1-second aggregation
});

CDK Configuration

The CDK construct creates no AWS resources. It only resolves and exposes the namespace and defaultDimensions as readonly properties for CDK-time consumers.

EMF uses CloudWatch Logs (which Lambda already has permissions for), so no environment variable or cloudwatch:PutMetricData IAM grant is needed. CloudWatch namespaces are created implicitly on first metric data point arrival.

Synchronous API Rationale

All metric methods return void, not Promise<void>. This is intentional:

• EMF writes to stdout — process.stdout.write() is a synchronous, non-blocking call on Linux. The kernel buffers the write and Lambda's logging agent captures it asynchronously.
• No network I/O — Unlike PutMetricData (which makes an HTTP call to CloudWatch), EMF piggybacks on CloudWatch Logs, which Lambda already streams. There is nothing to await.
• Zero overhead — Returning a Promise would add microtask scheduling overhead for zero benefit. Metrics should be as cheap as a console.log.
• Fire-and-forget semantics — Metrics are observability data, not business-critical writes. If a metric fails to emit (e.g., stdout is closed), it should not crash the request.

This design means you can emit metrics anywhere — in hot loops, synchronous callbacks, or error handlers — without worrying about async context or unhandled promise rejections.

Best Practices

• Keep dimension cardinality low (avoid user IDs or request IDs as dimensions)
• Use consistent metric names across your application
• Use defaultDimensions for shared context (service name, environment)
• Prefer emitBatch when recording multiple metrics in a single request
• Use units to enable automatic conversions in CloudWatch dashboards
• Use child() to avoid repeating dimensions across related metrics

Scaling & Cost (AWS)

• Ingestion: CloudWatch accepts unlimited metrics via EMF — no API call limits
• Standard resolution (60s): Retained for 15 days at full resolution, then aggregated
• High resolution (1s): Retained for 3 hours at full resolution, then aggregated
• Cost: Scales with unique metric name + dimension combinations (~$0.30/metric/month)
• Latency: EMF adds zero latency to the request (stdout write is non-blocking)

Local Development

Metrics are written as EMF JSON to stdout — the same format as AWS. In local dev, you can see metric emissions in the terminal output. No disk persistence — metrics are ephemeral locally (unlike KVStore or DistributedTable which persist to .bb-data/).

Delete nothing to reset — there's no local state to clear.