Tournament

Tournament is a TypeScript library for orchestrating chess tournaments using any FIDE pairing system. It provides a stateful Tournament class that manages the full lifecycle — pairing rounds, recording results, computing standings — and a bakuAcceleration() function implementing FIDE C.04.7. Zero runtime dependencies.

The pairing system is injected as a function parameter. Bring your own from @echecs/swiss, @echecs/round-robin, or a custom implementation.

Installation

npm install @echecs/tournament

Quick Start

import { Tournament } from '@echecs/tournament';
import { pair } from '@echecs/swiss/dutch';
import type { Game, GameKind, Player, Tiebreak } from '@echecs/tournament';

const players: Player[] = [
  { id: 'alice', rating: 2100 },
  { id: 'bob', rating: 1950 },
  { id: 'carol', rating: 1870 },
  { id: 'dave', rating: 1820 },
];

const tournament = new Tournament({
  pairingSystem: pair,
  players,
  rounds: 3,
});

// Round 1
const round1 = tournament.pairRound();
// round1.pairings = [{ black: 'carol', white: 'alice' }, ...]
// round1.byes    = [{ player: 'dave' }]

tournament.recordResult({ black: 'carol', result: 1, white: 'alice' });
tournament.recordResult({ black: 'dave', result: 0.5, white: 'bob' });

// Round 2
const round2 = tournament.pairRound();
// ...record results...

// Standings (no tiebreaks)
const table = tournament.standings();
// [{ player: 'alice', rank: 1, score: 2, tiebreaks: [] }, ...]

API

Tournament

class Tournament {
  constructor(options: TournamentOptions);

  clearResult(round: number, white: string, black: string): void;
  pairRound(): PairingResult;
  recordResult(game: Game): void;
  standings(tiebreaks?: Tiebreak[]): Standing[];
  updateResult(round: number, game: Game): void;

  get currentRound(): number;
  get games(): readonly (readonly Game[])[];
  get isComplete(): boolean;
  get players(): readonly Player[];
  get rounds(): number;
  get tiebreaks(): readonly string[];

  toJSON(): TournamentSnapshot;
  static fromJSON(
    snapshot: TournamentSnapshot,
    pairingSystem: PairingSystem,
    acceleration?: AccelerationMethod,
  ): Tournament;
}

constructor(options)

Creates a new tournament.

interface TournamentOptions {
  acceleration?: AccelerationMethod; // e.g. bakuAcceleration(players)
  pairingSystem: PairingSystem; // e.g. pair from @echecs/swiss/dutch
  players: Player[]; // all participants
  rounds: number; // total number of rounds
  tiebreaks?: string[]; // opaque IDs preserved through serialization
}

Throws RangeError if fewer than 2 players or fewer than 1 round.

pairRound()

Generates pairings for the next round using the injected pairing system. Returns a PairingResult with pairings and byes.

Throws RangeError if the tournament is complete or the current round has unrecorded results.

clearResult(round, white, black)

Removes a previously recorded result, identified by round number and player pair. The lookup checks both color orderings, so the caller can pass white and black in either order.

tournament.clearResult(1, 'alice', 'carol');

After clearing, the round becomes incomplete and the pairing can be re-recorded via recordResult.

Throws RangeError if the round is invalid or no matching result exists.

recordResult(game)

Records a game result for the current round.

tournament.recordResult({
  black: 'carol',
  result: 1, // 1 = white wins, 0.5 = draw, 0 = black wins
  white: 'alice',
});

The optional kind?: GameKind field classifies the game type. When provided, the result must be consistent with the kind (see GameKind validation below).

tournament.recordResult({
  black: 'carol',
  kind: 'forfeit-win',
  result: 1,
  white: 'alice',
});

Throws RangeError if the players don't match any pairing in the current round, or if kind and result are inconsistent.

updateResult(round, game)

Replaces an existing result in any round. The game is identified by the white/black player pair (checked in both orderings). The stored game retains its original color assignment.

// Change round 1 result from white-wins to draw
tournament.updateResult(1, {
  black: 'carol',
  result: 0.5,
  white: 'alice',
});

// Add a kind to an existing result
tournament.updateResult(1, {
  black: 'carol',
  kind: 'forfeit-win',
  result: 1,
  white: 'alice',
});

Throws RangeError if the round is invalid, no matching result exists, or kind and result are inconsistent.

standings(tiebreaks?)

Returns players ranked by score, with optional tiebreaks applied in order. Each tiebreak function receives (playerId, games, players) and returns a number.

import { buchholz } from '@echecs/buchholz';
import { sonnebornBerger } from '@echecs/sonneborn-berger';

const table = tournament.standings([buchholz, sonnebornBerger]);
// [{ player: 'alice', rank: 1, score: 2.5, tiebreaks: [7.5, 6.25] }, ...]

Tiebreak functions conform to:

type Tiebreak = (
  playerId: string,
  games: Game[][],
  players: Player[],
) => number;

toJSON() / fromJSON()

Serialize and restore tournament state. The pairing system function must be re-provided when restoring, since functions aren't JSON-serializable.

const snapshot = tournament.toJSON();
const json = JSON.stringify(snapshot);

// Later...
const restored = Tournament.fromJSON(JSON.parse(json), pair);
const nextRound = restored.pairRound();

bakuAcceleration(players)

function bakuAcceleration(players: Player[]): AccelerationMethod;

Returns an AccelerationMethod implementing FIDE C.04.7 Baku Acceleration.

Splits players into two groups (GA = top half, GB = rest) and adds virtual points to GA players' scores in the first rounds, causing stronger players to face each other earlier.

import { Tournament, bakuAcceleration } from '@echecs/tournament';
import { pair } from '@echecs/swiss/dutch';

const tournament = new Tournament({
  acceleration: bakuAcceleration(players),
  pairingSystem: pair,
  players,
  rounds: 9,
});

Virtual points:

• First half of accelerated rounds: GA players get 1 point
• Second half of accelerated rounds: GA players get 0.5 points
• After accelerated rounds: 0 points
• GB players: always 0 points

Virtual points affect pairing only — they are never stored in the game history or reflected in standings.

Compatible Pairing Systems

Any function matching the PairingSystem signature works:

type PairingSystem = (players: Player[], games: Game[][]) => PairingResult;

| Package | Subpath | FIDE Rules | | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------ | ---------- | | @echecs/swiss | @echecs/swiss/dutch | C.04.3 | | | @echecs/swiss/dubov | C.04.4.1 | | | @echecs/swiss/burstein | C.04.4.2 | | | @echecs/swiss/lim | C.04.4.3 | | | @echecs/swiss/double | C.04.5 | | | @echecs/swiss/team | C.04.6 | | @echecs/round-robin | @echecs/round-robin | C.05 |

All subpaths export a pair function conforming to the PairingSystem signature.

Types

interface Player {
  id: string;
  rating?: number;
}

interface Game {
  black: string;
  kind?: GameKind; // optional: classifies unplayed rounds
  result: Result;
  white: string;
}

type GameKind =
  | 'forfeit-loss'
  | 'forfeit-win'
  | 'full-bye'
  | 'half-bye'
  | 'pairing-bye'
  | 'zero-bye';

type Result = 0 | 0.5 | 1;

interface Pairing {
  black: string;
  white: string;
}

interface Bye {
  player: string;
}

interface PairingResult {
  byes: Bye[];
  pairings: Pairing[];
}

interface Standing {
  player: string;
  rank: number;
  score: number;
  tiebreaks: number[];
}

type Tiebreak = (
  playerId: string,
  games: Game[][],
  players: Player[],
) => number;

type PairingSystem = (players: Player[], games: Game[][]) => PairingResult;

interface AccelerationMethod {
  virtualPoints: (player: Player, round: number, totalRounds: number) => number;
}

interface TournamentSnapshot {
  currentRound: number;
  games: Game[][];
  players: Player[];
  roundPairings: Record<string, PairingResult>;
  rounds: number;
  tiebreaks?: string[];
}

GameKind Validation

When kind is provided in recordResult or updateResult, the result must match. Mismatches throw RangeError.

| kind | Required result | FIDE ref | | -------------- | ----------------- | ----------- | | forfeit-win | 1 | Art. 16.2.2 | | forfeit-loss | 0 | Art. 16.2.4 | | full-bye | 1 | — | | half-bye | 0.5 | Art. 16.2.5 | | pairing-bye | 1 | Art. 16.2.1 | | zero-bye | 0 | Art. 16.2.3 |

When kind is omitted, any result is accepted.

FIDE References

• C.07 Play-Off and Tie-Break Regulations
• C.04.7 Baku Acceleration

License

MIT