Express tools MCP compatibility

Bring your Express API to the modern web

Expose existing Express routes as MCP tools with no handler changes.

• Express 5 compatible - no wrappers or monkey-patching
• Model Context Protocol (MCP) support via JSON-RPC 2.0
• Expose your Express routes as AI-accessible tools
• Automatic tool registration and discovery

Getting started

Installation

npm i @express-tools/mcp

Usage

Add the MCP router to your express app:

import Express from 'express';
import { definition, router as MCPRouter } from '@express-tools/mcp';

const server = express();

// Creates an MCP server
const MCP = MCPRouter(server, {
  serverInfo: {
    name: 'my-express-server',
    version: '1.0.0',
  },
  basePath: '/mcp',
});

The MCP router automatically:

• Sets up a JSON-RPC 2.0 endpoint at the specified basePath (default: /mcp)
• Implements the MCP protocol methods: initialize, tools/list, tools/call
• Scans your routes for MCP tool definitions on compile()

Defining MCP Tools

Using the definition middleware

The definition middleware enables you to expose Express routes as MCP tools. The same route handler serves both standard HTTP requests and MCP tool calls:

server.post('/calculate', definition({
  name: 'calculate',
  description: 'Performs basic arithmetic operations',
  inputSchema: {
    type: 'object',
    properties: {
      operation: {
        type: 'string',
        enum: ['add', 'subtract', 'multiply', 'divide'],
      },
      a: { type: 'number' },
      b: { type: 'number' },
    },
    required: ['operation', 'a', 'b'],
  },
}), (req, res) => {
  const { operation, a, b } = req.body;
  let result;

  switch (operation) {
    case 'add': result = a + b; break;
    case 'subtract': result = a - b; break;
    case 'multiply': result = a * b; break;
    case 'divide': result = a / b; break;
  }

  res.json(result);
});

How it works:

• When called via HTTP POST, req.body contains the JSON payload
• When called via MCP, the tool arguments are automatically mapped to req.body
• The response from res.json() works for both HTTP and MCP calls
• This unified approach means you write one handler for both access methods

MCP Protocol

The router automatically handles the MCP protocol methods:

• initialize: Returns server info and capabilities
• tools/list: Returns all registered tools
• tools/call: Executes a tool by name with provided arguments

All communication happens via JSON-RPC 2.0 over the configured endpoint.

Example: Complete Server

Here's a complete example showing multiple tools:

import express from 'express';
import { definition, router as MCPRouter } from '@express-tools/mcp';

const server = express();

const MCP = MCPRouter(server, {
  serverInfo: {
    name: 'my-tools-server',
    version: '1.0.0',
  },
  basePath: '/mcp',
});

// Math calculator tool
server.post('/calculate', definition({
  name: 'calculate',
  description: 'Performs arithmetic calculations',
  inputSchema: {
    type: 'object',
    properties: {
      operation: { type: 'string', enum: ['add', 'subtract', 'multiply', 'divide'] },
      a: { type: 'number' },
      b: { type: 'number' },
    },
    required: ['operation', 'a', 'b'],
  },
}), (req, res) => {
  const { operation, a, b } = req.body;
  let result;

  switch (operation) {
    case 'add': result = a + b; break;
    case 'subtract': result = a - b; break;
    case 'multiply': result = a * b; break;
    case 'divide': result = a / b; break;
  }

  res.json(result);
});

// Greeting tool
server.post('/greet', definition({
  name: 'greet',
  description: 'Greets a person by name',
  inputSchema: {
    type: 'object',
    properties: {
      name: { type: 'string' },
    },
    required: ['name'],
  },
}), (req, res) => {
  const { name } = req.body;
  res.json(`Hello, ${name}!`);
});

compile(server);

server.listen(3000, () => {
  console.log('MCP server running on http://localhost:3000');
  console.log('MCP endpoint: http://localhost:3000/mcp');
});

Contributing

Please do! This project is all about facilitating collaboration on complex projects and we intend to set the example ourselves. If you want to contribute, feel free to ping @fed135.

License

Apache-2.0 - 2026