@m.said/device-fingerprint
v1.0.0
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High-accuracy client-side device fingerprinting SDK (90-95% accuracy)
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Device Fingerprint SDK
High-accuracy (90-95%) client-side device fingerprinting with zero dependencies.
Features: Multi-layer persistence • Fuzzy matching • Behavioral tracking • User linking • TypeScript • 22KB bundle
Install
npm install @yourorg/device-fingerprintLocal Installation (Copy SDK to Your Project)
If you want to use the SDK locally without npm:
Step 1: Build the SDK
cd Device-fingerprint
npm install
npm run buildStep 2: Copy to Your Project
# Copy the entire dist folder to your project
cp -r dist/ /path/to/your-project/libs/device-fingerprint/Step 3: Import in Your Code
// ESM (ES Modules)
import Fingerprint from './libs/device-fingerprint/index.esm.js';
// CommonJS
const Fingerprint = require('./libs/device-fingerprint/index.js');
// Browser (UMD)
<script src="./libs/device-fingerprint/fingerprint.min.js"></script>
<script>
DeviceFingerprint.get().then(result => {
console.log(result.device.id);
});
</script>Your Project Structure:
your-project/
├── libs/
│ └── device-fingerprint/
│ ├── index.esm.js (ESM build)
│ ├── index.js (CommonJS build)
│ ├── fingerprint.min.js (UMD/Browser build)
│ └── index.d.ts (TypeScript types)
├── src/
│ └── app.js
└── package.jsonDevelopment with npm link
For active development and testing:
# In the SDK directory
cd Device-fingerprint
npm link
# In your project directory
cd your-project
npm link @yourorg/device-fingerprintNow you can import normally and changes to the SDK will reflect immediately:
import Fingerprint from '@yourorg/device-fingerprint';Quick Start
import Fingerprint from '@yourorg/device-fingerprint';
const result = await Fingerprint.get();
console.log(result.id); // "fp_abc123..." (main fingerprint)
console.log(result.device.id); // "dev_xyz789..." (stable across browsers)
console.log(result.browser.id); // "dev_xyz789_chrome_a1b2" (browser-specific)
console.log(result.browser.type); // "chrome"
console.log(result.confidence); // 0.92Dual-Fingerprint Architecture
Device Fingerprint - Ultra-stable, identifies physical device:
- Same ID across Chrome, Firefox, Edge, Safari
- Survives resolution changes, timezone changes
- Survives clearing site data (regenerates identically)
- Based on: CPU, memory, GPU, platform
Browser Fingerprint - Identifies specific browser:
- Unique to each browser on the device
- Differentiates Chrome vs Firefox on same device
- Includes browser-specific signals (Canvas, Audio)
- Format:
{deviceId}_{browserType}_{hash}
// Analytics: Track device + browser separately
const result = await Fingerprint.get();
analytics.track('page_view', {
deviceId: result.device.id, // Same across browsers
browserId: result.browser.id, // Unique to browser
browserType: result.browser.type
});API
Fingerprint.get(options?)
Generate device fingerprint.
const result = await Fingerprint.get({
enableBehavioral: true, // +3-5% accuracy (default: false)
behavioralDelay: 10000, // Collect for 10s
enableFuzzyMatching: true, // Handle browser updates (default: true)
timeout: 5000, // Max generation time
debug: false // Log to console
});Returns:
{
id: string; // Main fingerprint ID
confidence: number; // 0.0-1.0
source: 'cache' | 'generated';
device: { // Device-level fingerprint
id: string; // Stable across browsers
confidence: number; // 0.95
};
browser: { // Browser-level fingerprint
id: string; // Unique to browser
confidence: number; // 0.90
type: 'chrome' | 'firefox' | 'safari' | 'edge' | 'opera' | 'unknown';
};
components?: object; // Raw data
behavioral?: object; // If enabled
timestamp: number;
}Fingerprint.linkToUser(fingerprintId, userData)
Link fingerprint to user account (handles multi-user devices).
const result = await Fingerprint.get();
// Recommended: Link by device ID (works across browsers)
await Fingerprint.linkToUser(result.device.id, {
userId: 'user123',
email: '[email protected]'
});
// Alternative: Link by browser ID (browser-specific)
await Fingerprint.linkToUser(result.browser.id, {
userId: 'user456',
email: '[email protected]'
});Fingerprint.verify({ userId })
Verify if current device is known for user.
const verification = await Fingerprint.verify({ userId: 'user123' });
if (verification.isNewDevice) {
// Require MFA
}Returns:
{
isNewDevice: boolean;
trustScore: number; // 0.0-1.0
confidence: number;
requiresMFA: boolean;
matchType: 'exact' | 'fuzzy' | 'new';
}Fingerprint.clear()
Clear all stored data.
await Fingerprint.clear();Use Cases
Device-Level Analytics
Track users across browsers on the same device:
const result = await Fingerprint.get();
// User has 3 browsers on same device: all share same device.id
analytics.identify(result.device.id, {
browsers: [result.browser.type],
lastSeen: Date.now()
});Fraud Detection
Detect suspicious activity across browsers:
const result = await Fingerprint.get();
if (result.device.isNewDevice) {
// Completely new physical device
requireMFA();
} else if (result.browser.isNewBrowser) {
// Same device, different browser - moderate risk
sendNotification('New browser detected');
}
// Check if device is associated with multiple accounts
const deviceAccounts = await getAccountsByDevice(result.device.id);
if (deviceAccounts.length > 5) {
flagForReview('Device used by multiple accounts');
}Cross-Browser Session Management
Recognize users switching browsers:
const result = await Fingerprint.get();
// Check all browsers on this device
const sessions = await getSessionsByDevice(result.device.id);
if (sessions.length > 0) {
// User has active sessions in other browsers
showMessage('You are logged in on Chrome. Continue session?');
}Smart MFA
Reduce MFA prompts for known devices:
const verification = await Fingerprint.verify({ userId: 'user123' });
if (verification.matchType === 'exact') {
// Same browser on known device - no MFA
allowLogin();
} else if (verification.matchType === 'cross-browser') {
// Different browser, same device - light MFA
requireEmailCode();
} else {
// New device - full MFA
requireAuthenticatorApp();
}Integration Examples
React
import { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
import Fingerprint from '@yourorg/device-fingerprint';
function App() {
const [fingerprint, setFingerprint] = useState(null);
useEffect(() => {
async function identify() {
const result = await Fingerprint.get({
enableBehavioral: true,
behavioralDelay: 2000
});
setFingerprint(result);
// Send to backend
await fetch('/api/track-device', {
method: 'POST',
headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
body: JSON.stringify({
deviceId: result.device.id,
browserId: result.browser.id,
browserType: result.browser.type,
confidence: result.confidence
})
});
}
identify();
}, []);
return (
<div>
<p>Device: {fingerprint?.device.id}</p>
<p>Browser: {fingerprint?.browser.type}</p>
</div>
);
}Vue 3
<script setup>
import { ref, onMounted } from 'vue';
import Fingerprint from '@yourorg/device-fingerprint';
const fingerprint = ref(null);
onMounted(async () => {
const result = await Fingerprint.get();
fingerprint.value = result;
// Send to analytics
window.analytics?.identify(result.device.id, {
browserType: result.browser.type,
confidence: result.confidence
});
});
</script>
<template>
<div v-if="fingerprint">
<p>Device: {{ fingerprint.device.id }}</p>
<p>Browser: {{ fingerprint.browser.type }}</p>
</div>
</template>Node.js + Express Backend
import express from 'express';
import { db } from './database';
const app = express();
app.use(express.json());
// Track device fingerprints
app.post('/api/track-device', async (req, res) => {
const { deviceId, browserId, browserType, confidence } = req.body;
// Store in database
await db.query(`
INSERT INTO device_fingerprints (device_id, browser_id, browser_type, confidence, last_seen)
VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, NOW())
ON CONFLICT (device_id, browser_id)
DO UPDATE SET last_seen = NOW(), visit_count = device_fingerprints.visit_count + 1
`, [deviceId, browserId, browserType, confidence]);
res.json({ success: true });
});
// Check for suspicious activity
app.post('/api/check-fraud', async (req, res) => {
const { deviceId, userId } = req.body;
// Check if device is linked to multiple users
const result = await db.query(`
SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT user_id) as user_count
FROM user_devices
WHERE device_id = $1
`, [deviceId]);
const isSuspicious = result.rows[0].user_count > 3;
res.json({
suspicious: isSuspicious,
userCount: result.rows[0].user_count
});
});Next.js (App Router)
// app/actions.ts (Server Action)
'use server';
import { db } from '@/lib/database';
export async function trackFingerprint(data: {
deviceId: string;
browserId: string;
browserType: string;
}) {
await db.deviceFingerprint.upsert({
where: {
deviceId_browserId: {
deviceId: data.deviceId,
browserId: data.browserId
}
},
update: {
lastSeen: new Date(),
visitCount: { increment: 1 }
},
create: {
deviceId: data.deviceId,
browserId: data.browserId,
browserType: data.browserType,
lastSeen: new Date(),
visitCount: 1
}
});
}
// app/components/FingerprintTracker.tsx
'use client';
import { useEffect } from 'react';
import Fingerprint from '@yourorg/device-fingerprint';
import { trackFingerprint } from '@/app/actions';
export function FingerprintTracker() {
useEffect(() => {
Fingerprint.get().then(result => {
trackFingerprint({
deviceId: result.device.id,
browserId: result.browser.id,
browserType: result.browser.type
});
});
}, []);
return null;
}CDN (Browser)
<script src="https://unpkg.com/@yourorg/device-fingerprint/dist/fingerprint.min.js"></script>
<script>
DeviceFingerprint.get().then(result => {
console.log('Device:', result.device.id);
console.log('Browser:', result.browser.id);
// Send to backend
fetch('/api/track', {
method: 'POST',
headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
body: JSON.stringify(result)
});
});
</script>Python FastAPI Backend
from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException
from pydantic import BaseModel
from datetime import datetime
import psycopg2
app = FastAPI()
class FingerprintData(BaseModel):
deviceId: str
browserId: str
browserType: str
confidence: float
@app.post("/api/track-device")
async def track_device(data: FingerprintData):
conn = psycopg2.connect(DATABASE_URL)
cur = conn.cursor()
cur.execute("""
INSERT INTO device_fingerprints
(device_id, browser_id, browser_type, confidence, last_seen)
VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s, %s)
ON CONFLICT (device_id, browser_id)
DO UPDATE SET last_seen = %s, visit_count = device_fingerprints.visit_count + 1
""", (data.deviceId, data.browserId, data.browserType,
data.confidence, datetime.now(), datetime.now()))
conn.commit()
cur.close()
conn.close()
return {"success": True}
@app.get("/api/device-info/{device_id}")
async def get_device_info(device_id: str):
conn = psycopg2.connect(DATABASE_URL)
cur = conn.cursor()
cur.execute("""
SELECT browser_id, browser_type, visit_count, last_seen
FROM device_fingerprints
WHERE device_id = %s
ORDER BY last_seen DESC
""", (device_id,))
browsers = cur.fetchall()
cur.close()
conn.close()
return {
"deviceId": device_id,
"browsers": [
{
"browserId": b[0],
"browserType": b[1],
"visitCount": b[2],
"lastSeen": b[3]
} for b in browsers
]
}Database Schema
PostgreSQL
-- Device fingerprints table
CREATE TABLE device_fingerprints (
id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
device_id VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
browser_id VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
browser_type VARCHAR(50),
confidence DECIMAL(3,2),
first_seen TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW(),
last_seen TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW(),
visit_count INTEGER DEFAULT 1,
ip_address INET,
user_agent TEXT,
UNIQUE(device_id, browser_id)
);
CREATE INDEX idx_device_id ON device_fingerprints(device_id);
CREATE INDEX idx_browser_id ON device_fingerprints(browser_id);
CREATE INDEX idx_last_seen ON device_fingerprints(last_seen);
-- User-Device linking table
CREATE TABLE user_devices (
id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
user_id VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
device_id VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
browser_id VARCHAR(255),
trust_score DECIMAL(3,2),
is_trusted BOOLEAN DEFAULT false,
linked_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW(),
last_verified TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW(),
UNIQUE(user_id, device_id, browser_id)
);
CREATE INDEX idx_user_id ON user_devices(user_id);
CREATE INDEX idx_user_device ON user_devices(user_id, device_id);
-- Fraud detection events
CREATE TABLE fraud_events (
id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
device_id VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
user_id VARCHAR(255),
event_type VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL, -- 'multi_account', 'new_device', 'suspicious_activity'
severity VARCHAR(20), -- 'low', 'medium', 'high'
details JSONB,
created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW()
);
CREATE INDEX idx_fraud_device ON fraud_events(device_id);
CREATE INDEX idx_fraud_user ON fraud_events(user_id);
CREATE INDEX idx_fraud_created ON fraud_events(created_at);MySQL
CREATE TABLE device_fingerprints (
id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
device_id VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
browser_id VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
browser_type VARCHAR(50),
confidence DECIMAL(3,2),
first_seen TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
last_seen TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
visit_count INT DEFAULT 1,
ip_address VARCHAR(45),
user_agent TEXT,
UNIQUE KEY unique_device_browser (device_id, browser_id),
INDEX idx_device_id (device_id),
INDEX idx_last_seen (last_seen)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;MongoDB
// device_fingerprints collection
db.device_fingerprints.createIndex({ "deviceId": 1, "browserId": 1 }, { unique: true });
db.device_fingerprints.createIndex({ "deviceId": 1 });
db.device_fingerprints.createIndex({ "lastSeen": -1 });
// Example document
{
_id: ObjectId("..."),
deviceId: "dev_xyz789...",
browserId: "dev_xyz789_chrome_a1b2",
browserType: "chrome",
confidence: 0.92,
firstSeen: ISODate("2025-01-15T10:30:00Z"),
lastSeen: ISODate("2025-01-20T14:22:00Z"),
visitCount: 47,
ipAddresses: ["192.168.1.1", "10.0.0.1"],
userAgent: "Mozilla/5.0..."
}
// user_devices collection
db.user_devices.createIndex({ "userId": 1, "deviceId": 1 });
{
_id: ObjectId("..."),
userId: "user123",
deviceId: "dev_xyz789...",
browsers: [
{
browserId: "dev_xyz789_chrome_a1b2",
browserType: "chrome",
trustScore: 0.95,
linkedAt: ISODate("2025-01-15T10:30:00Z")
},
{
browserId: "dev_xyz789_firefox_c3d4",
browserType: "firefox",
trustScore: 0.90,
linkedAt: ISODate("2025-01-18T09:15:00Z")
}
],
isTrusted: true
}Advanced Integration Patterns
Multi-Account Detection
// Frontend
const result = await Fingerprint.get();
const response = await fetch('/api/check-multi-account', {
method: 'POST',
headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
body: JSON.stringify({
deviceId: result.device.id,
userId: currentUser.id
})
});
const { hasMultipleAccounts, accountCount } = await response.json();
if (hasMultipleAccounts && accountCount > 3) {
showWarning('Multiple accounts detected on this device');
}
// Backend (Express)
app.post('/api/check-multi-account', async (req, res) => {
const { deviceId, userId } = req.body;
const accounts = await db.query(`
SELECT DISTINCT user_id, COUNT(*) OVER() as total
FROM user_devices
WHERE device_id = $1
`, [deviceId]);
// Check if current user is already linked
const isLinked = accounts.some(a => a.user_id === userId);
if (!isLinked && accounts.length > 0) {
// Log fraud event
await db.query(`
INSERT INTO fraud_events (device_id, user_id, event_type, severity, details)
VALUES ($1, $2, 'multi_account', 'medium', $3)
`, [deviceId, userId, JSON.stringify({ accountCount: accounts.length })]);
}
res.json({
hasMultipleAccounts: accounts.length > 1,
accountCount: accounts.length,
requiresVerification: accounts.length > 3
});
});Session Continuity Across Browsers
// Frontend - Login page
async function handleLogin(email, password) {
const fingerprint = await Fingerprint.get();
const response = await fetch('/api/login', {
method: 'POST',
headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
body: JSON.stringify({
email,
password,
deviceId: fingerprint.device.id,
browserId: fingerprint.browser.id,
browserType: fingerprint.browser.type
})
});
const { user, otherSessions } = await response.json();
if (otherSessions.length > 0) {
showNotification(
`You have active sessions in ${otherSessions.map(s => s.browserType).join(', ')}`
);
}
}
// Backend
app.post('/api/login', async (req, res) => {
const { email, password, deviceId, browserId, browserType } = req.body;
// Authenticate user
const user = await authenticateUser(email, password);
if (!user) return res.status(401).json({ error: 'Invalid credentials' });
// Find all active sessions on this device
const sessions = await db.query(`
SELECT DISTINCT browser_type, browser_id, last_seen
FROM user_devices
WHERE user_id = $1 AND device_id = $2
ORDER BY last_seen DESC
`, [user.id, deviceId]);
// Link current browser
await db.query(`
INSERT INTO user_devices (user_id, device_id, browser_id, browser_type, trust_score)
VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, 0.85)
ON CONFLICT (user_id, device_id, browser_id)
DO UPDATE SET last_verified = NOW()
`, [user.id, deviceId, browserId, browserType]);
res.json({
user,
otherSessions: sessions
.filter(s => s.browser_id !== browserId)
.map(s => ({
browserType: s.browser_type,
lastSeen: s.last_seen
}))
});
});Risk-Based Authentication
// Frontend
async function attemptLogin(credentials) {
const fingerprint = await Fingerprint.get();
const response = await fetch('/api/auth/risk-check', {
method: 'POST',
headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
body: JSON.stringify({
...credentials,
deviceId: fingerprint.device.id,
browserId: fingerprint.browser.id,
confidence: fingerprint.confidence
})
});
const { riskLevel, authMethods } = await response.json();
switch (riskLevel) {
case 'low':
// Known device + browser - direct login
return await login(credentials);
case 'medium':
// Known device, new browser - email code
return await requestEmailCode(credentials);
case 'high':
// New device - full MFA
return await requestMFACode(credentials);
}
}
// Backend
app.post('/api/auth/risk-check', async (req, res) => {
const { userId, deviceId, browserId, confidence } = req.body;
// Check if device is known
const deviceRecord = await db.query(`
SELECT trust_score, is_trusted, last_verified
FROM user_devices
WHERE user_id = $1 AND device_id = $2 AND browser_id = $3
`, [userId, deviceId, browserId]);
let riskLevel = 'high';
let authMethods = ['password', 'authenticator'];
if (deviceRecord.rows.length > 0) {
const device = deviceRecord.rows[0];
const daysSinceVerified = (Date.now() - device.last_verified) / (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24);
if (device.is_trusted && daysSinceVerified < 30) {
riskLevel = 'low';
authMethods = ['password'];
} else {
// Check if same device, different browser
const sameDeviceOtherBrowser = await db.query(`
SELECT COUNT(*) as count
FROM user_devices
WHERE user_id = $1 AND device_id = $2 AND is_trusted = true
`, [userId, deviceId]);
if (sameDeviceOtherBrowser.rows[0].count > 0) {
riskLevel = 'medium';
authMethods = ['password', 'email'];
}
}
}
res.json({ riskLevel, authMethods });
});Analytics Integration
// Google Analytics 4
const fingerprint = await Fingerprint.get();
gtag('config', 'G-XXXXXXXXXX', {
user_id: fingerprint.device.id,
custom_map: {
dimension1: 'device_id',
dimension2: 'browser_type',
dimension3: 'device_confidence'
}
});
gtag('event', 'fingerprint_generated', {
device_id: fingerprint.device.id,
browser_type: fingerprint.browser.type,
device_confidence: fingerprint.device.confidence
});
// Mixpanel
const fingerprint = await Fingerprint.get();
mixpanel.identify(fingerprint.device.id);
mixpanel.people.set({
$device_id: fingerprint.device.id,
$browser_id: fingerprint.browser.id,
$browser_type: fingerprint.browser.type
});
mixpanel.track('Page View', {
device_confidence: fingerprint.confidence,
browser_type: fingerprint.browser.type
});
// Segment
const fingerprint = await Fingerprint.get();
analytics.identify(fingerprint.device.id, {
deviceId: fingerprint.device.id,
browserId: fingerprint.browser.id,
browserType: fingerprint.browser.type,
confidence: fingerprint.confidence
});
analytics.track('Fingerprint Generated', {
source: fingerprint.source,
confidence: fingerprint.confidence
});How It Works
| Technique | Accuracy Boost | |-----------|----------------| | Canvas + WebGL + Audio | 82-85% (base) | | Component stability weighting | +2-3% | | Fuzzy matching | +2-4% | | Multi-layer persistence | +2-3% | | Behavioral biometrics | +3-5% | | Total | 90-95% |
Real-World Scenarios
| Scenario | Device ID | Browser ID | Reason | |----------|-----------|------------|--------| | Browser update (Chrome 120→121) | ✅ Same | ✅ Same | Device FP excludes browser version | | User clears cache | ✅ Same | ✅ Same | Fingerprints regenerate identically | | VPN enabled | ✅ Same | ✅ Same | IP not used | | Resolution change (1080p→4K) | ✅ Same | ✅ Same | Device FP excludes screen dimensions | | Timezone change (travel) | ✅ Same | ✅ Same | Device FP excludes timezone | | Different browser (Chrome→Firefox) | ✅ Same | ❌ Different | Same device, different browser | | Incognito mode | ✅ Same | ❌ Different | Hardware match, no Canvas/storage match | | Multiple users, same PC | ✅ Same | ✅ Same | Differentiated via User Linking API |
Browser Support
| Browser | Support | Notes | |---------|---------|-------| | Chrome 90+ | ✅ Full | Best accuracy | | Firefox 88+ | ✅ Full | Good accuracy | | Safari 14+ | ⚠️ Partial | Anti-fingerprinting limits accuracy | | Edge 90+ | ✅ Full | Chromium-based |
Privacy & GDPR
- ✅ Same-origin only (no cross-site tracking)
- ✅ Clear opt-out via
Fingerprint.clear() - ✅ Data minimization
- ✅ Include in privacy policy
Privacy Policy Template:
We use device fingerprinting for fraud prevention and analytics.
This collects technical information about your browser and device.
Data is not shared with third parties. Opt out by clearing browser data.Performance
| Operation | Time | |-----------|------| | First load | ~150ms | | Cached load | ~2ms | | With behavioral | ~10s |
See PERFORMANCE.md for detailed benchmarks.
Security
See SECURITY.md for:
- Threat model
- Vulnerability disclosure
- Security best practices
Development
npm install # Install dependencies
npm run build # Build all formats
npm test # Run tests
npm run benchmark # Performance tests
npm run docs # Generate API docsTesting
npm test # All tests
npm run test:coverage # Coverage report (80%+)
npm run test:watch # Watch modeLicense
MIT - see LICENSE
Links
Built for accurate, privacy-respectful device identification
