@ruvector/node
v0.1.18
Published
High-performance Rust vector database for Node.js with HNSW indexing and SIMD optimizations
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Ruvector Node.js
Native Rust performance for Node.js vector databases via NAPI-RS
Bring the power of Ruvector's blazing-fast vector search to your Node.js and TypeScript applications. Built with NAPI-RS for zero-overhead native bindings, async/await support, and complete type safety.
Part of the Ruvector ecosystem - next-generation vector database built in Rust.
🌟 Why Ruvector Node.js?
In the age of AI, Node.js applications need fast, efficient vector search for RAG systems, semantic search, and recommendation engines. But existing JavaScript solutions are slow, memory-intensive, or lack critical features.
Ruvector Node.js eliminates these limitations.
Key Advantages
- ⚡ Native Performance: <0.5ms search latency with Rust-powered HNSW indexing
- 🚀 10-100x Faster: Outperforms pure JavaScript vector databases by orders of magnitude
- 💾 Memory Efficient: 4-32x compression with product quantization
- 🔒 Zero-Copy Buffers: Direct Float32Array memory sharing (no serialization overhead)
- ⚡ Async/Await: Full Promise-based API with TypeScript async/await support
- 📘 Type Safety: Complete TypeScript definitions auto-generated from Rust
- 🌐 Universal: CommonJS and ESM support for all Node.js environments
- 🎯 Production Ready: Battle-tested algorithms with comprehensive error handling
📊 Performance Comparison
vs Pure JavaScript Alternatives
Operation Ruvector Pure JS Speedup
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Insert 1M vectors 2.1s 45s 21x
Search (k=10) 0.4ms 50ms 125x
Memory (1M vectors) 800MB 3GB 3.75x
HNSW Build 1.8s N/A Native only
Product Quantization Yes No 32x compression
SIMD Acceleration Yes No 4-16x fasterLocal Performance (Single Instance)
Metric Value Details
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Query Latency (p50) <0.5ms HNSW + SIMD optimizations
Throughput (QPS) 50K+ Single-threaded Node.js
Memory (1M vectors) ~800MB With scalar quantization
Recall @ k=10 95%+ HNSW configuration
Browser Support Via WASM Use ruvector-wasm package
Offline Capable ✅ Embedded database🚀 Installation
npm install ruvectorRequirements:
- Node.js 18.0 or higher
- Supported platforms: Linux (x64, arm64), macOS (x64, arm64), Windows (x64)
- No additional dependencies required (native binary included)
Optional: Verify installation
node -e "const {version} = require('ruvector'); console.log('Ruvector v' + version())"⚡ Quick Start
JavaScript (CommonJS)
const { VectorDB } = require('ruvector');
async function main() {
// Create database with 384 dimensions (e.g., for sentence-transformers)
const db = VectorDB.withDimensions(384);
// Insert vectors with metadata
const id1 = await db.insert({
vector: new Float32Array(384).fill(0.1),
metadata: { text: 'Hello world', category: 'greeting' }
});
const id2 = await db.insert({
vector: new Float32Array(384).fill(0.2),
metadata: { text: 'Goodbye world', category: 'farewell' }
});
console.log(`Inserted: ${id1}, ${id2}`);
// Search for similar vectors
const results = await db.search({
vector: new Float32Array(384).fill(0.15),
k: 10,
filter: { category: 'greeting' }
});
results.forEach(result => {
console.log(`ID: ${result.id}, Score: ${result.score}`);
console.log(`Metadata:`, result.metadata);
});
// Get database stats
console.log(`Total vectors: ${await db.len()}`);
}
main().catch(console.error);TypeScript (ESM)
import { VectorDB, JsDbOptions, JsSearchQuery } from 'ruvector';
interface DocumentMetadata {
text: string;
category: string;
timestamp: number;
}
async function semanticSearch() {
// Advanced configuration
const options: JsDbOptions = {
dimensions: 768,
distanceMetric: 'Cosine',
storagePath: './my-vectors.db',
hnswConfig: {
m: 32, // Connections per layer
efConstruction: 200, // Build quality
efSearch: 100 // Search quality
},
quantization: {
type: 'product',
subspaces: 16,
k: 256
}
};
const db = new VectorDB(options);
// Batch insert for better performance
const embeddings = await getEmbeddings(['doc1', 'doc2', 'doc3']);
const ids = await db.insertBatch(
embeddings.map((vec, i) => ({
vector: new Float32Array(vec),
metadata: {
text: `Document ${i}`,
category: 'article',
timestamp: Date.now()
}
}))
);
console.log(`Inserted ${ids.length} vectors`);
// Semantic search with filters
const query: JsSearchQuery = {
vector: new Float32Array(await getEmbedding('search query')),
k: 10,
filter: { category: 'article' },
efSearch: 150 // Higher = more accurate but slower
};
const results = await db.search(query);
return results.map(r => ({
id: r.id,
similarity: 1 - r.score, // Convert distance to similarity
metadata: r.metadata as DocumentMetadata
}));
}
// Helper function (replace with your embedding model)
async function getEmbedding(text: string): Promise<number[]> {
// Use OpenAI, Cohere, or local model like sentence-transformers
return new Array(768).fill(0);
}
async function getEmbeddings(texts: string[]): Promise<number[][]> {
return Promise.all(texts.map(getEmbedding));
}📖 API Reference
VectorDB Class
Constructor
// Option 1: Full configuration
const db = new VectorDB({
dimensions: 384, // Required: Vector dimensions
distanceMetric?: 'Euclidean' | 'Cosine' | 'DotProduct' | 'Manhattan',
storagePath?: string, // Default: './ruvector.db'
hnswConfig?: {
m?: number, // Default: 32 (16-64 recommended)
efConstruction?: number, // Default: 200 (100-500)
efSearch?: number, // Default: 100 (50-500)
maxElements?: number // Default: 10,000,000
},
quantization?: {
type: 'none' | 'scalar' | 'product' | 'binary',
subspaces?: number, // For product quantization (Default: 16)
k?: number // Codebook size (Default: 256)
}
});
// Option 2: Simple factory method (uses defaults)
const db = VectorDB.withDimensions(384);Configuration Guide:
- dimensions: Must match your embedding model output (e.g., 384 for all-MiniLM-L6-v2, 768 for BERT, 1536 for OpenAI text-embedding-3-small)
- distanceMetric:
Cosine: Best for normalized vectors (text embeddings, most ML models) - DefaultEuclidean: Best for absolute distances (images, spatial data)DotProduct: Best for positive vectors with magnitude infoManhattan: Best for sparse vectors (L1 norm)
- storagePath: Path to persistent storage file
- hnswConfig: Controls search quality and speed tradeoff
- quantization: Enables memory compression (4-32x reduction)
Methods
insert(entry): Promise<string>
Insert a single vector and return its ID.
const id = await db.insert({
id?: string, // Optional (auto-generated UUID if not provided)
vector: Float32Array, // Required: Vector data
metadata?: Record<string, any> // Optional: JSON object
});Example:
const id = await db.insert({
vector: new Float32Array([0.1, 0.2, 0.3, ...]),
metadata: {
text: 'example document',
category: 'research',
timestamp: Date.now()
}
});
console.log(`Inserted with ID: ${id}`);insertBatch(entries): Promise<string[]>
Insert multiple vectors efficiently in a batch (10-50x faster than sequential inserts).
const ids = await db.insertBatch([
{ vector: new Float32Array([...]) },
{ vector: new Float32Array([...]), metadata: { text: 'example' } }
]);Example:
// Bad: Sequential inserts (slow)
for (const vector of vectors) {
await db.insert({ vector }); // Don't do this!
}
// Good: Batch insert (10-50x faster)
await db.insertBatch(
vectors.map(v => ({ vector: new Float32Array(v) }))
);search(query): Promise<SearchResult[]>
Search for similar vectors using HNSW approximate nearest neighbor search.
const results = await db.search({
vector: Float32Array, // Required: Query vector
k: number, // Required: Number of results
filter?: Record<string, any>, // Optional: Metadata filters
efSearch?: number // Optional: HNSW search parameter (higher = more accurate)
});
// Result format:
interface SearchResult {
id: string; // Vector ID
score: number; // Distance (lower is better for most metrics)
vector?: number[]; // Original vector (optional, for debugging)
metadata?: any; // Metadata object
}Example:
const results = await db.search({
vector: queryEmbedding,
k: 10,
filter: { category: 'research', year: 2024 },
efSearch: 150 // Higher = better recall, slower search
});
results.forEach(result => {
const similarity = 1 - result.score; // Convert distance to similarity
console.log(`${result.metadata.text}: ${similarity.toFixed(3)}`);
});get(id): Promise<VectorEntry | null>
Retrieve a vector by ID.
const entry = await db.get('vector-id');
if (entry) {
console.log(entry.vector, entry.metadata);
}delete(id): Promise<boolean>
Delete a vector by ID. Returns true if deleted, false if not found.
const deleted = await db.delete('vector-id');
console.log(deleted ? 'Deleted' : 'Not found');len(): Promise<number>
Get the total number of vectors in the database.
const count = await db.len();
console.log(`Database contains ${count} vectors`);isEmpty(): Promise<boolean>
Check if the database is empty.
if (await db.isEmpty()) {
console.log('No vectors yet');
}Utility Functions
version(): string
Get the Ruvector library version.
import { version } from 'ruvector';
console.log(`Ruvector v${version()}`);🎯 Common Use Cases
1. RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation)
Build production-ready RAG systems with fast vector retrieval for LLMs.
const { VectorDB } = require('ruvector');
const { OpenAI } = require('openai');
class RAGSystem {
constructor() {
this.db = VectorDB.withDimensions(1536); // OpenAI embedding size
this.openai = new OpenAI();
}
async indexDocument(text, metadata) {
// Split into chunks (use better chunking in production)
const chunks = this.chunkText(text, 512);
// Get embeddings from OpenAI
const embeddings = await this.openai.embeddings.create({
model: 'text-embedding-3-small',
input: chunks
});
// Insert into vector DB
const ids = await this.db.insertBatch(
embeddings.data.map((emb, i) => ({
vector: new Float32Array(emb.embedding),
metadata: { ...metadata, chunk: i, text: chunks[i] }
}))
);
return ids;
}
async query(question, k = 5) {
// Embed the question
const response = await this.openai.embeddings.create({
model: 'text-embedding-3-small',
input: [question]
});
// Search for relevant chunks
const results = await this.db.search({
vector: new Float32Array(response.data[0].embedding),
k
});
// Extract context
const context = results
.map(r => r.metadata.text)
.join('\n\n');
// Generate answer with LLM
const completion = await this.openai.chat.completions.create({
model: 'gpt-4',
messages: [
{ role: 'system', content: 'Answer based on the context provided.' },
{ role: 'user', content: `Context:\n${context}\n\nQuestion: ${question}` }
]
});
return {
answer: completion.choices[0].message.content,
sources: results.map(r => r.metadata)
};
}
chunkText(text, maxLength) {
// Simple word-based chunking
const words = text.split(' ');
const chunks = [];
let current = [];
for (const word of words) {
current.push(word);
if (current.join(' ').length > maxLength) {
chunks.push(current.join(' '));
current = [];
}
}
if (current.length > 0) {
chunks.push(current.join(' '));
}
return chunks;
}
}
// Usage
const rag = new RAGSystem();
await rag.indexDocument('Long document text...', { source: 'doc.pdf' });
const result = await rag.query('What is the main topic?');
console.log(result.answer);
console.log('Sources:', result.sources);2. Semantic Code Search
Find similar code patterns across your codebase.
import { VectorDB } from 'ruvector';
import { pipeline } from '@xenova/transformers';
// Use a code-specific embedding model
const embedder = await pipeline(
'feature-extraction',
'Xenova/codebert-base'
);
const db = VectorDB.withDimensions(768);
// Index code snippets
async function indexCodebase(codeFiles: Array<{ path: string, code: string }>) {
for (const file of codeFiles) {
const embedding = await embedder(file.code, {
pooling: 'mean',
normalize: true
});
await db.insert({
vector: new Float32Array(embedding.data),
metadata: {
path: file.path,
code: file.code,
language: file.path.split('.').pop()
}
});
}
}
// Search for similar code
async function findSimilarCode(query: string, k = 10) {
const embedding = await embedder(query, {
pooling: 'mean',
normalize: true
});
const results = await db.search({
vector: new Float32Array(embedding.data),
k
});
return results.map(r => ({
path: r.metadata.path,
code: r.metadata.code,
similarity: 1 - r.score
}));
}
// Example usage
await indexCodebase([
{ path: 'utils.ts', code: 'function parseJSON(str) { ... }' },
{ path: 'api.ts', code: 'async function fetchData(url) { ... }' }
]);
const similar = await findSimilarCode('parse JSON string');
console.log(similar);3. Recommendation System
Build personalized recommendation engines.
const { VectorDB } = require('ruvector');
class RecommendationEngine {
constructor() {
// User/item embeddings from collaborative filtering or content features
this.db = VectorDB.withDimensions(128);
}
async addItem(itemId, features, metadata) {
await this.db.insert({
id: itemId,
vector: new Float32Array(features),
metadata: {
...metadata,
addedAt: Date.now()
}
});
}
async recommendSimilar(itemId, k = 10, filters = {}) {
// Get the item's embedding
const item = await this.db.get(itemId);
if (!item) return [];
// Find similar items
const results = await this.db.search({
vector: item.vector,
k: k + 1, // +1 because it will include itself
filter: filters
});
// Remove the item itself from results
return results
.filter(r => r.id !== itemId)
.slice(0, k)
.map(r => ({
id: r.id,
similarity: 1 - r.score,
...r.metadata
}));
}
async recommendForUser(userVector, k = 10, category = null) {
const filter = category ? { category } : undefined;
const results = await this.db.search({
vector: new Float32Array(userVector),
k,
filter
});
return results.map(r => ({
id: r.id,
score: 1 - r.score,
...r.metadata
}));
}
}
// Usage
const engine = new RecommendationEngine();
// Add products
await engine.addItem('prod-1', new Array(128).fill(0.1), {
name: 'Laptop',
category: 'electronics',
price: 999
});
// Get similar products
const similar = await engine.recommendSimilar('prod-1', 5, {
category: 'electronics'
});
// Get recommendations for user
const userPreferences = new Array(128).fill(0.15); // From ML model
const recommended = await engine.recommendForUser(userPreferences, 10);4. Duplicate Detection
Find and deduplicate similar documents or records.
import { VectorDB } from 'ruvector';
class DuplicateDetector {
private db: VectorDB;
private threshold: number;
constructor(dimensions: number, threshold = 0.95) {
this.db = VectorDB.withDimensions(dimensions);
this.threshold = threshold; // Similarity threshold
}
async addDocument(id: string, embedding: Float32Array, metadata: any) {
// Check for duplicates before adding
const duplicates = await this.findDuplicates(embedding, 1);
if (duplicates.length > 0) {
return {
added: false,
duplicate: duplicates[0]
};
}
await this.db.insert({ id, vector: embedding, metadata });
return { added: true };
}
async findDuplicates(embedding: Float32Array, k = 5) {
const results = await this.db.search({
vector: embedding,
k
});
return results
.filter(r => (1 - r.score) >= this.threshold)
.map(r => ({
id: r.id,
similarity: 1 - r.score,
metadata: r.metadata
}));
}
}
// Usage
const detector = new DuplicateDetector(384, 0.95);
const result = await detector.addDocument(
'doc-1',
documentEmbedding,
{ text: 'Example document' }
);
if (!result.added) {
console.log('Duplicate found:', result.duplicate);
}🔧 Performance Tuning
HNSW Parameters
Tune the HNSW index for your specific use case:
// High-recall configuration (research, critical applications)
const highRecallDb = new VectorDB({
dimensions: 384,
hnswConfig: {
m: 64, // More connections = better recall
efConstruction: 400, // Higher quality index build
efSearch: 200 // More thorough search
}
});
// Balanced configuration (most applications) - DEFAULT
const balancedDb = new VectorDB({
dimensions: 384,
hnswConfig: {
m: 32,
efConstruction: 200,
efSearch: 100
}
});
// Speed-optimized configuration (real-time applications)
const fastDb = new VectorDB({
dimensions: 384,
hnswConfig: {
m: 16, // Fewer connections = faster
efConstruction: 100,
efSearch: 50 // Faster search, slightly lower recall
}
});Parameter Guide:
m (16-64): Number of connections per node
- Higher = better recall, more memory, slower inserts
- Lower = faster inserts, less memory, slightly lower recall
efConstruction (100-500): Quality of index construction
- Higher = better index quality, slower builds
- Lower = faster builds, slightly lower recall
efSearch (50-500): Search quality parameter
- Higher = better recall, slower searches
- Lower = faster searches, slightly lower recall
- Can be overridden per query
Quantization for Large Datasets
Reduce memory usage by 4-32x with quantization:
// Product Quantization: 8-32x memory compression
const pqDb = new VectorDB({
dimensions: 768,
quantization: {
type: 'product',
subspaces: 16, // 768 / 16 = 48 dims per subspace
k: 256 // 256 centroids (8-bit quantization)
}
});
// Binary Quantization: 32x compression, very fast (best for Cosine)
const binaryDb = new VectorDB({
dimensions: 384,
quantization: { type: 'binary' }
});
// Scalar Quantization: 4x compression, minimal accuracy loss
const scalarDb = new VectorDB({
dimensions: 384,
quantization: { type: 'scalar' }
});
// No Quantization: Maximum accuracy, more memory
const fullDb = new VectorDB({
dimensions: 384,
quantization: { type: 'none' }
});Quantization Guide:
- Product: Best for large datasets (>100K vectors), 8-32x compression
- Binary: Fastest search, 32x compression, works best with Cosine metric
- Scalar: Good balance (4x compression, <1% accuracy loss)
- None: Maximum accuracy, no compression
Batch Operations
Always use batch operations for better performance:
// ❌ Bad: Sequential inserts (slow)
for (const vector of vectors) {
await db.insert({ vector });
}
// ✅ Good: Batch insert (10-50x faster)
await db.insertBatch(
vectors.map(v => ({ vector: new Float32Array(v) }))
);Distance Metrics
Choose the right metric for your embeddings:
// Cosine: Best for normalized vectors (text embeddings, most ML models)
const cosineDb = new VectorDB({
dimensions: 384,
distanceMetric: 'Cosine' // Range: [0, 2], lower is better
});
// Euclidean: Best for absolute distances (images, spatial data)
const euclideanDb = new VectorDB({
dimensions: 384,
distanceMetric: 'Euclidean' // Range: [0, ∞], lower is better
});
// DotProduct: Best for positive vectors with magnitude info
const dotProductDb = new VectorDB({
dimensions: 384,
distanceMetric: 'DotProduct' // Range: (-∞, ∞), higher is better
});
// Manhattan: Best for sparse vectors (L1 norm)
const manhattanDb = new VectorDB({
dimensions: 384,
distanceMetric: 'Manhattan' // Range: [0, ∞], lower is better
});🛠️ Building from Source
Prerequisites
- Rust: 1.77 or higher
- Node.js: 18.0 or higher
- Build tools:
- Linux:
gcc,g++ - macOS: Xcode Command Line Tools
- Windows: Visual Studio Build Tools
- Linux:
Build Steps
# Clone the repository
git clone https://github.com/ruvnet/ruvector.git
cd ruvector/crates/ruvector-node
# Install dependencies
npm install
# Build native addon (development)
npm run build
# Run tests
npm test
# Build for production (optimized)
npm run build:release
# Link for local development
npm link
cd /path/to/your/project
npm link ruvectorCross-Compilation
Build for different platforms:
# Install cross-compilation tools
npm install -g @napi-rs/cli
# Build for specific platforms
npx napi build --platform --release
# Available platforms:
# - linux-x64-gnu
# - linux-arm64-gnu
# - darwin-x64 (macOS Intel)
# - darwin-arm64 (macOS Apple Silicon)
# - win32-x64-msvc (Windows)Development Workflow
# Format code
cargo fmt
# Lint code
cargo clippy
# Run Rust tests
cargo test
# Build and test Node.js bindings
npm run build && npm test
# Benchmark performance
cargo bench📊 Benchmarks
Local Performance
10,000 vectors (128D):
- Insert: ~1,000 vectors/sec
- Search (k=10): ~1ms average latency
- QPS: ~1,000 queries/sec (single-threaded)
1,000,000 vectors (128D):
- Insert: ~500-1,000 vectors/sec
- Search (k=10): ~5ms average latency
- QPS: ~200-500 queries/sec
- Memory: ~800MB (with scalar quantization)
10,000,000 vectors (128D):
- Search (k=10): ~10ms average latency
- Memory: ~8GB (with product quantization)
- Recall: 95%+ with optimized HNSW parameters
📚 Examples
See the examples directory for complete working examples:
- simple.mjs: Basic insert and search operations
- advanced.mjs: HNSW configuration and batch operations
- semantic-search.mjs: Text similarity search with embeddings
Run examples:
npm run build
node examples/simple.mjs
node examples/advanced.mjs
node examples/semantic-search.mjs🔍 Comparison with Alternatives
| Feature | Ruvector | Pure JS | Python (Faiss) | Pinecone | |---------|----------|---------|----------------|----------| | Language | Rust (NAPI) | JavaScript | Python | Cloud API | | Local Latency | <0.5ms | 10-100ms | 1-5ms | 20-50ms+ | | Throughput | 50K+ QPS | 100-1K | 10K+ | 10K+ | | Memory (1M) | 800MB | 3GB | 1.5GB | N/A | | HNSW Index | ✅ Native | ❌ or slow | ✅ | ✅ | | Quantization | ✅ 4-32x | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | | SIMD | ✅ Hardware | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | | TypeScript | ✅ Auto-gen | Varies | ❌ | ✅ | | Async/Await | ✅ Native | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | | Offline | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | | Cost | Free | Free | Free | $$$ | | Bundle Size | ~2MB | 100KB-1MB | N/A | N/A |
🐛 Troubleshooting
Installation fails
Error: Cannot find module 'ruvector'
Make sure you have Rust installed:
curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh
source $HOME/.cargo/envBuild errors
Error: error: linking with 'cc' failed
Install build tools:
# Linux (Ubuntu/Debian)
sudo apt-get install build-essential
# macOS
xcode-select --install
# Windows
# Install Visual Studio Build ToolsUpdate NAPI-RS CLI:
npm install -g @napi-rs/cliPerformance issues
- ✅ Use HNSW indexing for datasets >10K vectors
- ✅ Enable quantization for large datasets
- ✅ Adjust
efSearchfor speed/accuracy tradeoff - ✅ Use
insertBatchinstead of individualinsertcalls - ✅ Use appropriate distance metric for your embeddings
- ✅ Consider product quantization for >100K vectors
Memory issues
- ✅ Enable product quantization (8-32x compression)
- ✅ Reduce
mparameter in HNSW config - ✅ Use binary quantization for maximum compression
- ✅ Batch operations to reduce memory overhead
🤝 Contributing
We welcome contributions! See the main Contributing Guide.
Development Workflow
# Format Rust code
cargo fmt --all
# Lint Rust code
cargo clippy --workspace -- -D warnings
# Run Rust tests
cargo test -p ruvector-node
# Build Node.js bindings
npm run build
# Run Node.js tests
npm test
# Benchmark performance
cargo bench -p ruvector-bench📖 Documentation
- Main Documentation - Complete Ruvector documentation
- Node.js API Reference - Detailed API documentation
- Rust API Reference - Core Rust API
- Performance Guide - Optimization tips
- Getting Started - Quick start guide
- Examples - Code examples
🌐 Support
- GitHub Issues: Report bugs or request features
- Discussions: Ask questions and share ideas
- Discord: Join our community
- Twitter: @ruvnet
- Enterprise: [email protected]
📜 License
MIT License - see LICENSE for details.
Free to use for commercial and personal projects.
🙏 Acknowledgments
Built with battle-tested technologies:
- NAPI-RS - Native Node.js bindings for Rust
- hnsw_rs - HNSW implementation
- SimSIMD - SIMD distance metrics
- redb - Embedded database
- Tokio - Async runtime for Rust
Special thanks to the Rust and Node.js communities!
🔗 Related Projects
- ruvector-core - Core Rust implementation
- ruvector-wasm - WebAssembly bindings for browsers
- ruvector-cli - Command-line interface
- ruvector-bench - Benchmarking suite
Built by rUv • Part of the Ruvector ecosystem
Status: Production Ready | Version: 0.1.0 | Performance: <0.5ms latency
