ConvexMQ

A typed message queue for Convex. Publish messages from your Convex mutations, consume them from any external service — reactively via WebSocket or by polling.

• Two modes — component mode (isolated tables) or library mode (your schema, your indexes)
• Typed payloads — define your message schema once, get type safety everywhere
• Reactive consumption — subscribe to new messages in real-time, no polling needed
• Visibility timeouts — claimed messages auto-return to the queue if not acked
• Lease tokens — prevents stale consumers from acking messages they no longer own
• Automatic retries — configurable max attempts with dead-letter handling
• Batch operations — publish and claim messages in batches
• Filtered consumption — consume subsets of messages using custom indexes (library mode)
• Zero boilerplate — api() generates all your Convex function exports in one line

Installation

npm install convex-mq

Choose Your Mode

ConvexMQ offers two ways to use it:

| | Component Mode | Library Mode | | ------------------------ | --------------------------------- | -------------------------------- | | Table ownership | Component owns the table | You own the table in your schema | | Custom indexes | Not supported | Full index support | | Filtered consumption | Not supported | Filter by any indexed field | | Setup | app.use(messageQueue) in config | messageQueueTable() in schema | | Import | convex-mq | convex-mq/table |

Use component mode when you want a simple, isolated queue with no custom queries.

Use library mode when you need custom indexes, filtered consumption, or want to query messages alongside your other data.

Component Mode

1. Add the component to your Convex app

// convex/convex.config.ts
import { defineApp } from "convex/server";
import messageQueue from "convex-mq/convex.config";

const app = defineApp();
app.use(messageQueue, { name: "emailQueue" });
export default app;

Each queue instance gets an isolated table. For multiple message types, add multiple instances:

app.use(messageQueue, { name: "emailQueue" });
app.use(messageQueue, { name: "taskQueue" });

2. Define your queue

// convex/emailQueue.ts
import { MessageQueue } from "convex-mq";
import { components } from "./_generated/api";
import { query, mutation } from "./_generated/server";
import { v } from "convex/values";

const emailQueue = new MessageQueue(components.emailQueue, {
  message: v.object({
    to: v.string(),
    subject: v.string(),
    body: v.string(),
  }),
  defaultMaxAttempts: 3, // optional, default: 3
  defaultVisibilityTimeoutMs: 30_000, // optional, default: 30s
});

// Generates typed peek/claim/ack/nack/publish/publishBatch exports
export const { peek, claim, ack, nack, publish, publishBatch } = emailQueue.api(query, mutation);

That's it. No boilerplate wrappers needed.

Authentication

By default, api() generates public functions. In production, you'll typically want:

• Publishing — requires user authentication (only logged-in users can enqueue messages)
• Consuming — requires a deploy key (only your server-side consumers can claim/ack messages)

Convex has built-in support for this via internalQuery/internalMutation, which can only be called from other Convex functions or with a deploy key:

// convex/emailQueue.ts
import { MessageQueue } from "convex-mq";
import { components } from "./_generated/api";
import { internalQuery, internalMutation } from "./_generated/server";
import { v } from "convex/values";

const emailQueue = new MessageQueue(components.emailQueue, {
  message: v.object({ to: v.string(), subject: v.string(), body: v.string() }),
});

// Consumer ops — deploy key only (internal functions)
export const { peek, claim, ack, nack } = emailQueue.api(internalQuery, internalMutation);

For publishing, use custom function builders from convex-helpers to require user auth:

// convex/auth.ts
import { customMutation } from "convex-helpers/server/customFunctions";
import { mutation } from "./_generated/server";

export const authenticatedMutation = customMutation(mutation, {
  args: {},
  input: async (ctx) => {
    const identity = await ctx.auth.getUserIdentity();
    if (!identity) throw new Error("Unauthenticated");
    return { ctx: { userId: identity.subject }, args: {} };
  },
});

// convex/emailQueue.ts (continued)
import { authenticatedMutation } from "./auth";

// Publishing — user auth required
export const publish = authenticatedMutation({
  args: { to: v.string(), subject: v.string(), body: v.string() },
  handler: async (ctx, args) => emailQueue.publish(ctx, args),
});

Server-side consumers connect with a deploy key using setAdminAuth:

// ConvexHttpClient
const http = new ConvexHttpClient(CONVEX_URL);
(http as any).setAdminAuth(process.env.CONVEX_DEPLOY_KEY!);

// ConvexClient (WebSocket)
const ws = new ConvexClient(CONVEX_URL);
(ws as any).setAdminAuth(process.env.CONVEX_DEPLOY_KEY!);

Note: setAdminAuth exists on both clients but is not in the published type definitions — the as any cast is needed. Do not use setAuth for deploy keys; that method is for user JWT tokens.

See examples/authenticated-queue.ts for a complete setup.

3. Publish messages

From any Convex mutation:

// From a Convex mutation in your app
await ctx.runMutation(api.emailQueue.publish, {
  to: "[email protected]",
  subject: "Welcome!",
  body: "Thanks for signing up.",
});

Or publish a batch:

await ctx.runMutation(api.emailQueue.publishBatch, {
  messages: [
    { to: "[email protected]", subject: "Hello", body: "..." },
    { to: "[email protected]", subject: "Hello", body: "..." },
  ],
});

Library Mode

Library mode lets you define the queue table in your own schema, enabling custom indexes and filtered consumption.

1. Define the table in your schema

// convex/schema.ts
import { defineSchema } from "convex/server";
import { messageQueueTable } from "convex-mq/table";
import { v } from "convex/values";

export default defineSchema({
  tasks: messageQueueTable({
    worker: v.string(),
    task: v.string(),
    fileSize: v.number(),
  })
    .index("by_worker", ["status", "worker"])
    .index("by_size", ["status", "fileSize"]),
});

messageQueueTable() adds the system fields (status, attempts, maxAttempts, visibilityTimeoutMs, claimId) and a default by_status index. Your fields are stored at the top level, so they're indexable.

2. Define your queue

// convex/tasks.ts
import { MessageQueue } from "convex-mq/table";
import { internalQuery, internalMutation } from "./_generated/server";
import { v } from "convex/values";

const taskQueue = new MessageQueue("tasks", {
  worker: v.string(),
  task: v.string(),
  fileSize: v.number(),
});

// Unfiltered — processes all pending messages
export const { peek, claim, ack, nack, publish, publishBatch, reclaimStale } = taskQueue.api(
  internalQuery,
  internalMutation,
);

2. Add the table to your schema

// convex/schema.ts
import { defineSchema } from "convex/server";
import { taskQueue } from "./tasks";

export default defineSchema({
  tasks: taskQueue
    .table()
    .index("by_worker", ["status", "worker"])
    .index("by_size", ["status", "fileSize"]),
});

.table() adds the system fields (status, attempts, maxAttempts, visibilityTimeoutMs, claimId) and a default by_status index. Your fields are stored at the top level, so they're indexable. Chain .index() to add custom indexes.

The module path defaults to the table name ("tasks" → scheduler calls "tasks:reclaimStale"). If your file name differs, pass modulePath:

export const taskQueue = new MessageQueue("tasks", { ... }, {
  modulePath: "myTasks",  // for convex/myTasks.ts
});

3. Filtered consumption

Define additional exports that consume a subset of messages using a custom index:

// convex/tasks.ts (continued)

// Filtered — consume only tasks for a specific worker
export const { peek: peekByWorker, claim: claimByWorker } = taskQueue.api(
  internalQuery,
  internalMutation,
  {
    filterArgs: { worker: v.string() },
    filter: (q, { worker }) =>
      q.withIndex("by_worker", (idx) => idx.eq("status", "pending").eq("worker", worker)),
  },
);

Consumers pass filter args directly in the options:

consume(client, internal.tasks, handler, { worker: "worker-1" });

4. Publish messages

// From any Convex mutation
await ctx.runMutation(internal.tasks.publish, {
  worker: "worker-1",
  task: "resize-image",
  fileSize: 1024,
});

In library mode, message fields are top-level args (not nested under payload).

Consuming Messages

Reactive consumer (recommended)

Uses a WebSocket subscription — processes messages as soon as they're published:

import { ConvexClient } from "convex/browser";
import { consume } from "convex-mq/client";
import { api } from "../convex/_generated/api.js";

const client = new ConvexClient(process.env.CONVEX_URL!);

const stop = consume(client, api.emailQueue, async (messages) => {
  for (const msg of messages) {
    await sendEmail(msg.payload.to, msg.payload.subject, msg.payload.body);
  }
});

// Graceful shutdown
process.on("SIGINT", () => {
  stop();
  process.exit(0);
});

Polling consumer

For environments without WebSocket support:

import { ConvexHttpClient } from "convex/browser";
import { consumePolling } from "convex-mq/client";
import { api } from "../convex/_generated/api.js";

const client = new ConvexHttpClient(process.env.CONVEX_URL!);

const controller = consumePolling(
  client,
  api.emailQueue,
  async (messages) => {
    for (const msg of messages) {
      await sendEmail(msg.payload.to, msg.payload.subject, msg.payload.body);
    }
  },
  { pollIntervalMs: 2000 },
);

// Stop: controller.abort();

Manual consumption

For full control, use the raw functions directly:

const hasPending = await client.query(api.emailQueue.peek, {});

if (hasPending) {
  const messages = await client.mutation(api.emailQueue.claim, { limit: 5 });

  for (const msg of messages) {
    try {
      await processMessage(msg.payload);
      await client.mutation(api.emailQueue.ack, {
        messageId: msg.id,
        claimId: msg.claimId,
      });
    } catch (err) {
      const result = await client.mutation(api.emailQueue.nack, {
        messageId: msg.id,
        claimId: msg.claimId,
        error: err.message,
      });

      if (result) {
        // Retries exhausted — handle dead letter
        console.error("Message failed permanently:", result.payload);
      }
    }
  }
}

Authentication

By default, api() generates public functions. In production, you'll typically want:

• Publishing — requires user authentication (only logged-in users can enqueue messages)
• Consuming — requires a deploy key (only your server-side consumers can claim/ack messages)

Use internalQuery/internalMutation for deploy-key-only access:

export const { peek, claim, ack, nack } = emailQueue.api(internalQuery, internalMutation);

For publishing with user auth, use custom function builders from convex-helpers:

// convex/auth.ts
import { customMutation } from "convex-helpers/server/customFunctions";
import { mutation } from "./_generated/server";

export const authenticatedMutation = customMutation(mutation, {
  args: {},
  input: async (ctx) => {
    const identity = await ctx.auth.getUserIdentity();
    if (!identity) throw new Error("Unauthenticated");
    return { ctx: { userId: identity.subject }, args: {} };
  },
});

// convex/emailQueue.ts
export const publish = authenticatedMutation({
  args: { to: v.string(), subject: v.string(), body: v.string() },
  handler: async (ctx, args) => emailQueue.publish(ctx, args),
});

Server-side consumers connect with a deploy key using setAdminAuth:

const client = new ConvexClient(CONVEX_URL);
(client as any).setAdminAuth(process.env.CONVEX_DEPLOY_KEY!);

Note: setAdminAuth exists on both ConvexClient and ConvexHttpClient but is not in the published type definitions — the as any cast is needed.

How It Works

Message lifecycle

publish → [pending] → claim → [claimed] → ack → (deleted)
                                    ↓
                                  nack → [pending] (retry)
                                    ↓
                              nack (exhausted) → returns payload to caller → (deleted)

Visibility timeouts

When a message is claimed, a visibility timeout is scheduled. If the consumer doesn't ack or nack before the timeout fires, the message automatically returns to pending and can be claimed by another consumer.

Lease tokens (claimId)

Each claim generates a unique claimId. The consumer must provide this token when calling ack or nack. If the visibility timeout fires and another consumer reclaims the message, the original consumer's claimId becomes invalid — their ack/nack will be rejected, preventing double-processing.

Retry exhaustion

When nack is called and the message has reached maxAttempts, the message is deleted and its payload is returned to the caller as an ExhaustedMessage. This lets you implement dead-letter handling however you want — log it, store it in another table, send an alert, etc.

API Reference

Component Mode — MessageQueue (from convex-mq)

new MessageQueue(component, {
  message: v.object({ ... }),          // payload validator
  defaultMaxAttempts?: number,          // default: 3
  defaultVisibilityTimeoutMs?: number,  // default: 30000
})

.api(query, mutation)

Returns: { peek, claim, ack, nack, publish, publishBatch }

Claimed messages have { id, claimId, payload, attempts }.

Library Mode — MessageQueue (from convex-mq/table)

new MessageQueue(tableName, fields, options?)

• tableName — must match your schema table name
• fields — validator fields for your message data
• options.defaultMaxAttempts — default: 3
• options.defaultVisibilityTimeoutMs — default: 30000
• options.modulePath — defaults to tableName

.api(query, mutation, filterConfig?)

Returns: { peek, claim, ack, nack, publish, publishBatch, reclaimStale }

Optional filterConfig:

• filterArgs — validator fields for filter parameters
• filter(q, args) — function that applies index filters, must return an ordered query

Claimed messages have { id, claimId, data, attempts } (note: data not payload).

.table()

Returns a table definition for use in defineSchema(). Adds system fields and a default by_status index. Chain .index() to add custom indexes (prefix with "status" for filtered consumption).

consume(client, fns, handler, options?)

Reactive consumer using ConvexClient subscriptions.

• client — ConvexClient instance
• fns — queue module (e.g., api.emailQueue)
• handler — async (messages) => void
• options.batchSize — max messages per claim (default 10)
• Any additional keys are forwarded to peek/claim as filter args

Returns a stop() function.

consumePolling(client, fns, handler, options?)

Polling-based consumer using ConvexHttpClient.

• options.batchSize — max messages per claim (default 10)
• options.pollIntervalMs — polling interval (default 1000)
• Any additional keys are forwarded to peek/claim as filter args

Returns an AbortController.

License

MIT