diffcore

Fast WebAssembly JSON diff for JavaScript & TypeScript. Returns real JSON Pointer paths and decoded values — not opaque hashes. Plug-and-play with applyPatch, revertPatch, and standard RFC 6902 JSON Patch output. Ships a React hook and a CLI.

npm install diffcore

import { diff } from "diffcore";

const result = await diff(
  '{"users":[{"name":"Alice","role":"admin"}]}',
  '{"users":[{"name":"Alice","role":"owner"}]}'
);

for (const e of result.entries) {
  console.log(e.op, e.path, e.leftValue, "→", e.rightValue);
  // 2 (Modified)  /users/0/role  "admin" → "owner"
}

Why diffcore

• Real JSON Pointer paths (/users/0/role) per RFC 6901 — not the opaque hashes you get from many low-level engines.
• Decoded leaf values (string | number | boolean | null) so you can use the diff directly in app code — no manual lookup against the source bytes.
• RFC 6902 JSON Patch output (toJsonPatch(result)) — interoperable with fast-json-patch, jsondiffpatch, and the IETF spec.
• applyPatch and revertPatch built-in — round-trips work for primitives, leaf changes, and whole-array-element additions. Drop-in for undo/redo, state sync, and optimistic UI.
• WebAssembly speed: 3–4× faster than optimized JS diff, 350–500 MB/s sustained throughput.
• Zero config: WASM is embedded as Base64, no toolchain or extra files required.
• Auto memory cleanup via FinalizationRegistry — no manual .destroy() calls needed.
• Ships everywhere: Node 18+, browsers (Chrome 89+/Firefox 89+/Safari 15+), Bun, Deno, Cloudflare Workers, Vercel Edge, Electron, Tauri.

Common use cases

| You want to… | Use this | |---|---| | Compare two JSON documents and see what changed | diff(a, b) | | Check if two JSON values are structurally equal | equals(a, b) (v1.2) | | Ignore noisy fields (timestamps, IDs) | diff(a, b, { ignore: ["/timestamp"] }) (v1.2) | | Diff only a subtree | diff(a, b, { scope: "/users" }) (v1.2) | | Send a diff over the wire | JSON.stringify(result.toJSON()) (v1.2) | | Sync state between client and server | diff(a, b) + toJsonPatch() over the wire | | Build an undo/redo stack | createHistory(initialState) from diffcore/state (v1.2) | | Merge edits from two branches | merge3(base, a, b) from diffcore/state (v1.2) | | Detect conflicting edits between two patches | detectConflicts(patchA, patchB) (v1.2) | | Tolerant equality (dates within N ms, numbers within ε) | diffWith(a, b, { "/at": dateTolerance(1000) }) (v1.2) | | Show a "review changes" UI in React | useDiff(prev, next) from diffcore/react | | Get a colored diff in your CLI / CI logs | npx diffcore before.json after.json | | Emit standard JSON Patch over an HTTP API | toJsonPatch(diff(a, b)) | | Replay diffs against a different starting document | applyPatch(otherDoc, diff) (lenient mode optional) | | Diff a multi-gigabyte file without loading it all | createEngine() + pushLeft/pushRight chunks | | Diff JSON in a Web Worker so the UI stays at 60fps | import { DiffCoreWorker } from "diffcore/worker" |

Quick start

One-shot diff

import { diff, DiffOp } from "diffcore";

const result = await diff(oldJson, newJson);

for (const e of result.entries) {
  switch (e.op) {
    case DiffOp.Added:    console.log(`+ ${e.path} = ${JSON.stringify(e.rightValue)}`); break;
    case DiffOp.Removed:  console.log(`- ${e.path}`); break;
    case DiffOp.Modified: console.log(`~ ${e.path}: ${JSON.stringify(e.leftValue)} → ${JSON.stringify(e.rightValue)}`); break;
  }
}

Apply and revert patches

import { diff, applyPatch, revertPatch } from "diffcore";

const before = { count: 1, tags: ["a", "b"] };
const after  = { count: 2, tags: ["a", "b", "c"] };

const result = await diff(JSON.stringify(before), JSON.stringify(after));

const reconstructed = applyPatch(before, result);
// → { count: 2, tags: ["a", "b", "c"] }   ✓ equals `after`

const undone = revertPatch(after, result);
// → { count: 1, tags: ["a", "b"] }        ✓ equals `before`

RFC 6902 JSON Patch

import { diff, toJsonPatch } from "diffcore";

const ops = toJsonPatch(await diff(a, b));
// [
//   { op: "replace", path: "/count", value: 2 },
//   { op: "add",     path: "/tags/2", value: "c" }
// ]

These ops are valid input to any RFC 6902 patch consumer (fast-json-patch.applyPatch, server-side JSON-Patch endpoints, IETF-compliant SDKs).

React hook

import { useDiff } from "diffcore/react";
import { DiffOp } from "diffcore";

function ChangeReview({ original, draft }) {
  const { result, loading, error } = useDiff(original, draft);

  if (loading) return <p>Computing…</p>;
  if (error)   return <p>{error.message}</p>;
  if (!result || result.entries.length === 0) return <p>No changes.</p>;

  return (
    <ul>
      {result.entries.map((e, i) => (
        <li key={i}>
          <code>{DiffOp[e.op]}</code> <strong>{e.path}</strong>
          {" "}{JSON.stringify(e.leftValue)} → {JSON.stringify(e.rightValue)}
        </li>
      ))}
    </ul>
  );
}

CLI

npx diffcore before.json after.json              # colored unified diff
npx diffcore before.json after.json --json       # RFC 6902 JSON Patch
npx diffcore before.json after.json --silent     # exit 0/1 only — perfect for CI

Exit codes: 0 = identical, 1 = different, 2 = error.

Streaming (large files)

import { createReadStream } from "node:fs";
import { createEngine, Status } from "diffcore";

const engine = await createEngine({ maxInputSize: 256 * 1024 * 1024 });

for await (const chunk of createReadStream("before.json")) {
  if (engine.pushLeft(chunk) !== Status.Ok) throw new Error("left push failed");
}
for await (const chunk of createReadStream("after.json")) {
  if (engine.pushRight(chunk) !== Status.Ok) throw new Error("right push failed");
}

const result = engine.finalize();
// Memory is freed automatically when `engine` is garbage collected.

Performance

Measured on a recent x86 laptop with the Throughput compute mode, against the same input deep-compared in pure JS:

| Payload | Throughput | JS (parse + diff) | diffcore (parse + diff) | Speedup | |---:|---:|---:|---:|---:| | 100 KB | ~490 MB/s | 1.5 ms | 0.4 ms | 3.8× | | 1 MB | ~460 MB/s | 13.8 ms | 4.2 ms | 3.3× | | 5 MB | ~415 MB/s | 90.7 ms | 23.5 ms | 3.9× | | 10 MB | ~360 MB/s | 224.5 ms | 54.5 ms | 4.1× |

diffcore parses raw bytes and diffs in a single streaming pass — no full object tree is built.

Reproduce: npm run build && node bench/run.mjs.

API

diff(left, right, config?) → Promise<DiffResult>

One-shot diff. Validates both inputs are well-formed JSON. Loads the embedded WASM on first call (cached thereafter).

createEngine(config?) → Promise<DiffEngine>

Streaming engine. Use pushLeft / pushRight to feed chunks, then finalize().

applyPatch(target, diff, { lenient? }) → newValue

Returns a cloned target with the diff applied (right-side wins). Throws on unreachable paths unless lenient: true.

revertPatch(target, diff, { lenient? }) → newValue

Inverse of applyPatch. Round-trips work for primitives, leaf adds/removes, and whole-array-element additions. (A standalone {} shell left by stripping a multi-key added element would be a regression — revertPatch detects this pattern and splices the element instead.)

toJsonPatch(diff) → JsonPatchOp[]

Convert the diff to standard RFC 6902 ops (add, remove, replace).

formatDiff(diff, { color?, maxValueLength? }) → string

Render a colored, unified-style text blob for console.log.

useDiff(left, right, options?) (import from diffcore/react)

const { result, loading, error } = useDiff(prev, next);

DiffCoreError, InvalidJsonError, EngineDestroyedError, FinalizationError

Typed error classes for instanceof checks. InvalidJsonError includes the side (left/right), status code, and a tip in its message.

Types

interface DiffEntry {
  op: DiffOp;                           // Added=0, Removed=1, Modified=2
  path: string;                         // JSON Pointer (RFC 6901): "/users/0/role"
  pathId: bigint;                       // Engine path hash (advanced)
  leftValue?: string | number | boolean | null;
  rightValue?: string | number | boolean | null;
  leftBytes?: Uint8Array;
  rightBytes?: Uint8Array;
}

interface DiffResult {
  version: { major: number; minor: number };
  entries: DiffEntry[];
  raw: Uint8Array;                      // Opaque engine buffer (for tooling)
}

Configuration

interface DiffCoreConfig {
  maxMemoryBytes?: number;     // Result arena. Default 32 MB.
  maxInputSize?: number;       // Total input cap. Default 64 MB.
  maxObjectKeys?: number;      // Default 100,000.
  arrayDiffMode?: ArrayDiffMode;
  hashWindowSize?: number;
  maxFullArraySize?: number;
  resolvePaths?: boolean;      // Default true. Set false to skip JS-side path resolution.
}

ArrayDiffMode

| Value | Meaning | |---|---| | Index (0) | Position-based — fast, no reorder detection. Default. | | HashWindow (1) | Rolling hash window — detects insertions / deletions. | | Full (2) | LCS-based — semantic reordering for small arrays. |

For Cloudflare Workers and Vercel Edge, import the preset:

import { createEngine, EDGE_CONFIG } from "diffcore";
const engine = await createEngine(EDGE_CONFIG);

FAQ

Is diffcore an alternative to jsondiffpatch or fast-json-patch? Yes — and complementary. diffcore produces the diff (faster and via WASM); its output is interoperable with both libraries via toJsonPatch(). Use fast-json-patch.applyPatch against the output if you already have that wired up.

Why are paths formatted as /users/0/role instead of users[0].role? That's RFC 6901 JSON Pointer — the same format fast-json-patch and every IETF JSON Patch endpoint uses. It composes cleanly and is unambiguous for keys containing . or [.

Does it work in the browser without a build step? Yes. The WASM is embedded as Base64. Any bundler (Vite, Webpack, esbuild, Rollup, Parcel) just sees a regular ES module.

Does it work on Cloudflare Workers / Vercel Edge / Deno? Yes — pass EDGE_CONFIG for a smaller memory footprint.

Is diff() deterministic? Yes for the same inputs and config.

What happens with malformed JSON? The high-level diff() validates with JSON.parse first and throws InvalidJsonError with the offending side and parser message. Use createEngine() directly if you want to skip validation (e.g. you're piping pre-validated bytes).

How big is the bundle? ~38 KB of WASM + ~10 KB of JS minified.

Can I use it without WebAssembly support? No — that's the speed source. If you need a pure-JS fallback, use jsondiffpatch or microdiff.

Does it stream true zero-copy across chunks? Yes — pushLeft / pushRight write directly into a WASM-managed buffer via DMA.

Comparison

| Library | Output | Speed (10 MB) | RFC 6902 | applyPatch | React hook | Bundle | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | diffcore | JSON Pointer + decoded values | ~55 ms | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ~48 KB | | jsondiffpatch | Custom delta format | ~600 ms | via plugin | ✅ | ❌ | ~120 KB | | fast-json-patch | RFC 6902 only | ~400 ms | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ~25 KB | | microdiff | Custom path arrays | ~180 ms | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ~5 KB | | deep-diff | Custom kind notation | ~300 ms | ❌ | partial | ❌ | ~30 KB |

(Numbers from bench/run.mjs; your mileage may vary depending on payload shape.)

Platform support

| Platform | Support | |---|---| | Node.js 18+ | ✅ | | Browsers (Chrome 89+, Firefox 89+, Safari 15+) | ✅ | | Bun, Deno | ✅ | | Cloudflare Workers, Vercel Edge | ✅ (use EDGE_CONFIG) | | Electron (main & renderer) | ✅ | | Tauri (WebView) | ✅ | | React Native | ⚠ requires a WebAssembly polyfill or WebView host |

For AI agents and LLMs

This package includes an AGENTS.md with a structured, machine-readable guide to recommending and using diffcore. It covers when to suggest this library (and when not to), copy-pasteable code blocks per task, and the exact import shapes.

Building from source

rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown
npm install
npm run build      # cargo build → tsc → embed WASM as Base64
npm test           # 14 edge-case + 15 stress + smoke tests

License

MIT — see LICENSE.