gatsby-plugin-i18next-hmr
v1.0.0
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Easily translate your Gatsby website into multiple languages w/ HMR support 🔥
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gatsby-plugin-react-i18next
Easily translate your Gatsby website into multiple languages.
Features
- Seamless integration with react-i18next - a powerful internationalization framework for React.
- No extra graphql queries to fetch translations, everything is done automatically.
- Automatic redirection based on the user's preferred language in browser provided by browser-lang.
- Support multi-language url routes in a single page component. You don't have to create separate pages such as
pages/en/index.js
orpages/es/index.js
. - SEO friendly
- Support for gatsby-plugin-layout
Why?
When you build multilingual sites, Google recommends using different URLs for each language version of a page rather than using cookies or browser settings to adjust the content language on the page. (read more)
How is it different from other gatsby i18next plugins?
This plugin does not require fetching translations with graphql query on each page, everything is done automatically. Just use react-i18next
to translate your pages.
Demo
Used by
- monei.net - The digital payment gateway with best rates.
- moonmail.io - OmniChannel Communication Platform used by more than 100,000 businesses worldwide.
- nyxo.app – Sleep tracking and coaching (source code)
How to use
Install package
yarn add gatsby-plugin-react-i18next i18next react-i18next
or
npm install --save gatsby-plugin-react-i18next i18next react-i18next
Configure the plugin
// In your gatsby-config.js
plugins: [
{
resolve: `gatsby-plugin-react-i18next`,
options: {
path: `${__dirname}/locales`,
languages: [`en`, `es`, `de`],
defaultLanguage: `en`,
// you can pass any i18next options
// pass following options to allow message content as a key
i18nextOptions: {
interpolation: {
escapeValue: false // not needed for react as it escapes by default
},
keySeparator: false,
nsSeparator: false
},
pages: [
{
matchPath: '/:lang?/blog/:uid',
getLanguageFromPath: true,
excludeLanguages: ['es']
},
{
matchPath: '/preview',
languages: ['en']
}
]
}
}
];
You'll also need to add language JSON resources to the project.
For example,
| language resource files | language | | -------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------- | | /locales/en/translation.json | English | | /locales/es/translation.json | Spanish | | /locales/de/translation.json | German |
You can use different namespaces to organize your translations. Use the following file structure:
|-- language
|-- namespace.json
For example:
|-- en
|-- header.json
|-- footer.json
The default namespace is translation
. Read more about i18next namespaces
Change your components
Use react i18next useTranslation
react hook and Trans
component to translate your pages.
gatsby-plugin-react-i18next
exposes all react-i18next
methods and components.
Replace Gatsby Link
component with the Link
component exported from gatsby-plugin-react-i18next
import React from 'react';
import {Link, Trans, useTranslation} from 'gatsby-plugin-react-i18next';
import Layout from '../components/layout';
import Image from '../components/image';
import SEO from '../components/seo';
const IndexPage = () => {
const {t} = useTranslation();
return (
<Layout>
<SEO title={t('Home')} />
<h1>
<Trans>Hi people</Trans>
</h1>
<p>
<Trans>Welcome to your new Gatsby site.</Trans>
</p>
<p>
<Trans>Now go build something great.</Trans>
</p>
<div style={{maxWidth: `300px`, marginBottom: `1.45rem`}}>
<Image />
</div>
<Link to="/page-2/">
<Trans>Go to page 2</Trans>
</Link>
</Layout>
);
};
export default IndexPage;
and in locales/en/translations.json
you will have
{
"Home": "Home",
"Hi people": "Hi people",
"Welcome to your new Gatsby site.": "Welcome to your new Gatsby site.",
"Now go build something great.": "Now go build something great.",
"Go to page 2": "Go to page 2"
}
This example is not using semantic keys instead the entire message will be used as a key. Read more.
Changing the language
gatsby-plugin-react-i18next
exposes useI18next
hook
import {Link, useI18next} from 'gatsby-plugin-react-i18next';
import React from 'react';
const Header = ({siteTitle}) => {
const {languages, changeLanguage} = useI18next();
return (
<header className="main-header">
<h1 style={{margin: 0}}>
<Link
to="/"
style={{
color: `white`,
textDecoration: `none`
}}>
{siteTitle}
</Link>
</h1>
<ul className="languages">
{languages.map((lng) => (
<li key={lng}>
<a
href="#"
onClick={(e) => {
e.preventDefault();
changeLanguage(lng);
}}>
{lng}
</a>
</li>
))}
</ul>
</header>
);
};
Or a more SEO friendly version using Link
component
import {Link, useI18next} from 'gatsby-plugin-react-i18next';
import PropTypes from 'prop-types';
import React from 'react';
const Header = ({siteTitle}) => {
const {languages, originalPath} = useI18next();
return (
<header className="main-header">
<h1 style={{margin: 0}}>
<Link
to="/"
style={{
color: `white`,
textDecoration: `none`
}}>
{siteTitle}
</Link>
</h1>
<ul className="languages">
{languages.map((lng) => (
<li key={lng}>
<Link to={originalPath} language={lng}>
{lng}
</Link>
</li>
))}
</ul>
</header>
);
};
Plugin Options
| Option | Type | Description |
| --------------- | -------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| path | string | path to the folder with JSON translations |
| languages | string[] | supported language keys |
| defaultLanguage | string | default language when visiting /page
instead of /es/page
|
| redirect | boolean | if the value is true
, /
or /page-2
will be redirected to the user's preferred language router. e.g) /es
or /es/page-2
. Otherwise, the pages will render defaultLangugage
language. Default is true
|
| siteUrl | string | public site url, is used to generate language specific meta tags |
| pages | array | an array of page options used to modify plugin behaviour for specific pages |
| i18nextOptions | object | i18next configuration options |
Page options
| Option | Type | Description |
| ------------------- | ------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| matchPath | string | a path pattern like /:lang?/blog/:uid
, check path-to-regexp for more info |
| getLanguageFromPath | boolean | if set to true
the language will be taken from the :lang
param in the path instead of automatically generating a new page for each language |
| excludeLanguages | array | an array of languages to exclude, if specified the plugin will not automatically generate pages for those languages, this option can be used to replace pages in some languages with custom ones |
| languages | array | an array of languages, if specified the plugin will automatically generate pages only for those languages |
Plugin API
Link
Link
component is identical to Gatsby Link component except that you can provide additional language
prop to create a link to a page with different language
import {Link} from 'gatsby-plugin-react-i18next';
const SpanishAboutLink = () => (
<Link to="/about" language="es">
About page in Spanish
</Link>
);
Helmet
Helmet
component is identical to gatsby-plugin-react-helmet
component but also provides language related metatags (alternative and canonical links)
Note! To use it you need to have react-helmet
dependency installed. You also need to provide siteUrl
in plugin options for it to work properly.
I18nextContext
Use this react context to access language information about the page
const context = React.useContext(I18nextContext);
Content of the context object
| Attribute | Type | Description |
| --------------- | -------- | -------------------------------------------------------- |
| language | string | current language |
| languages | string[] | supported language keys |
| routed | boolean | if false
it means that the page is in default language |
| defaultLanguage | string | default language provided in plugin options |
| originalPath | string | page path in default language |
| path | string | page path |
| siteUrl | string | public site url provided in plugin options |
The same context will be also available in the Gatsby pageContext.i18n
object
useI18next
This react hook returns I18nextContext
, object and additional helper functions
| Function | Description |
| -------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| navigate | This is a wrapper around Gatsby navigate helper function that will navigate to the page in selected language |
| changeLanguage | A helper function to change language. The first parameter is a language code. Signature: (language: string, to?: string, options?: NavigateOptions) => Promise<void>
. You can pass additional parameters to navigate to different page. |
useI18next
also exposes the output of react i18next useTranslation
so you can use
const {t} = useI18next();
How to exclude pages that already have language key in path
For example if you have some other plugin or script that generates your blog posts from headless CRM like prismic.io in different languages you would like to exclude those pages, to not generate duplicates for each language key. You can do that by providing pages
option.
pages: [
{
matchPath: '/:lang?/blog/:uid',
getLanguageFromPath: true,
excludeLanguages: ['es']
}
];
You have to specify a :lang
url param, so the plugin knows what part of the path should be treated as language key.
In this example the plugin will automatically generate language pages for all languages except es
. Assuming that you have ['en', 'es', 'de']
languages te blog post with the path /blog/hello-world
you will have the following pages generated:
/blog/hello-world
- the English version (if you haveen
as adefaultLanguage
)/es/blog/hello-world
- the Spanish version that should exist before you run the plugin (created manually or at build time with a plugin or api call)/de/blog/hello-world
- the German version that is generated automatically
Omit excludeLanguages
to get all the languages form the path. Make sure that you have pages for all the languages that you specify in the plugin, otherwise you might have broken links.
How to exclude a page that should not be translated
You can limit the languages used to generate versions of a specific page, for exmaple to limit /preview
page to only English version:
pages: [
{
matchPath: '/preview',
languages: ['en']
}
];
How to fetch language specific data
You can use language
variable in gatsby page queries to fetch additional data for each language. For example if you're using gatsby-transformer-json your query might look like:
export const query = graphql`
query($language: String!) {
dataJson(language: {eq: $language}) {
...DataFragment
}
}
`;
How to add sitemap.xml
for all language specific pages
You can use gatsby-plugin-sitemap to automatically generate a sitemap during build time. You need to customize query
to fetch only original pages and then serialize
data to build a sitemap. Here is an example:
// In your gatsby-config.js
plugins: [
{
resolve: 'gatsby-plugin-sitemap',
options: {
exclude: ['/**/404', '/**/404.html'],
query: `
{
site {
siteMetadata {
siteUrl
}
}
allSitePage(filter: {context: {i18n: {routed: {eq: false}}}}) {
edges {
node {
context {
i18n {
defaultLanguage
languages
originalPath
}
}
path
}
}
}
}
`,
serialize: ({site, allSitePage}) => {
return allSitePage.edges.map((edge) => {
const {languages, originalPath, defaultLanguage} = edge.node.context.i18n;
const {siteUrl} = site.siteMetadata;
const url = siteUrl + originalPath;
const links = [
{lang: defaultLanguage, url},
{lang: 'x-default', url}
];
languages.forEach((lang) => {
if (lang === defaultLanguage) return;
links.push({lang, url: `${siteUrl}/${lang}${originalPath}`});
});
return {
url,
changefreq: 'daily',
priority: originalPath === '/' ? 1.0 : 0.7,
links
};
});
}
}
}
];
How to extract translations from pages
You can use babel-plugin-i18next-extract automatically extract translations inside t
function and Trans
component from you pages and save them in JSON.
- Install
yarn add @babel/cli @babel/plugin-transform-typescript babel-plugin-i18next-extract -D
- create
babel-extract.config.js
file (don't name itbabel.config.js
, or it will be used by gatsby)
module.exports = {
presets: ['babel-preset-gatsby'],
plugins: [
[
'i18next-extract',
{
keySeparator: null,
nsSeparator: null,
keyAsDefaultValue: ['en'],
useI18nextDefaultValue: ['en'],
discardOldKeys: true,
outputPath: 'locales/{{locale}}/{{ns}}.json',
customTransComponents: [['gatsby-plugin-react-i18next', 'Trans']]
}
]
],
overrides: [
{
test: [`**/*.ts`, `**/*.tsx`],
plugins: [[`@babel/plugin-transform-typescript`, {isTSX: true}]]
}
]
};
- add a script to your
package.json
{
"scripts": {
"extract": "yarn run babel --config-file ./babel-extract.config.js -o tmp/chunk.js 'src/**/*.{js,jsx,ts,tsx}' && rm -rf tmp"
}
}
Automatically translate to different languages
After your messages had been extracted you can use AWS Translate to automatically translate messages to different languages.
This functionality is out of the scope of this plugin, but you can get the idea from this script
Credits
This package is based on:
- gatsby-plugin-intl by Daewoong Moon
- gatsby-i18n-plugin by ikhudo
License
MIT © microapps