1.环境变量Path : 指向nodejs的安装目录 2.NODE_PATH ： 模块复用，用来寻找模块所提供的路径注册环境变量 3.系统根目录下的.npmrc文件是用于指定npm仓库等信息 4.nodejs安装目录下D:\Developments\nodejs\node_modules\npm.npmrc 中指定包下载后存放的路劲 5.node包加载机制： 项目根目录的node_modules-->NODE_PATH指定的路劲

npm 作用： 1.从npm服务器下载第三方包到本地; 2.从NPM服务器下载并安装别人编写的命令行程序到本地使用; 3.上传本地的包或命令行程序;

1.npm升级： sudo npm install npm -g 2.npm安装模块： 全局安装与本地安装 npm 的包安装分为本地安装（local）、全局安装（global）两种，从敲的命令行来看，差别只是有没有-g而已，比如 npm install express # 本地安装 npm install express -g # 全局安装 如果出现以下错误： npm err! Error: connect ECONNREFUSED 127.0.0.1:8087 解决办法为： $ npm config set proxy null 3.查看全局已经安装的模块 npm ls -g

4.查看配置信息 npm config ls

5.卸载模块 我们可以使用以下命令来卸载 Node.js 模块。 $ npm uninstall express 卸载后，你可以到 /node_modules/ 目录下查看包是否还存在，或者使用以下命令查看： $ npm ls

6.更新模块 我们可以使用以下命令更新模块： $ npm update express

7.搜索模块 使用以下来搜索模块： $ npm search express 8.创建模块 使用命令 ： $ npm init 在项目根目录下生成package.json文件

9.在 npm 资源库中注册用户 $ npm adduser

10.发布模块 $ npm publish

{ "name": "express", //包名 "description": "",//包的描述 "version": "4.13.3", //包的版本号 "author": {//包的作者和姓名 "name": "TJ Holowaychuk", "email": "[email protected]" }, "contributors": [ //包的其他贡献者姓名 { "name": "Aaron Heckmann", "email": "[email protected]" }, { ...... } ], "license": "MIT", "repository": { //包代码存放的位置 "type": "git", "url": "git+https://github.com/strongloop/express.git" }, "main" : "包的模块ID", "homepage": "http://expressjs.com/", "keywords": [//关键字 "express", "framework", "sinatra", "web", "rest", "restful", "router", "app", "api" ], "dependencies": { //项目依赖的包列表 "accepts": "~1.2.12", "array-flatten": "1.1.1", "content-disposition": "0.5.0", "content-type": "~1.0.1", "cookie": "0.1.3", "cookie-signature": "1.0.6", "debug": "~2.2.0", "depd": "~1.0.1", "escape-html": "1.0.2", "etag": "~1.7.0", "finalhandler": "0.4.0", "fresh": "0.3.0", "merge-descriptors": "1.0.0", "methods": "~1.1.1", "on-finished": "~2.3.0", "parseurl": "~1.3.0", "path-to-regexp": "0.1.7", "proxy-addr": "~1.0.8", "qs": "4.0.0", "range-parser": "~1.0.2", "send": "0.13.0", "serve-static": "~1.10.0", "type-is": "~1.6.6", "utils-merge": "1.0.0", "vary": "~1.0.1" }, "devDependencies": { "after": "0.8.1", "ejs": "2.3.3", "istanbul": "0.3.17", "marked": "0.3.5", "mocha": "2.2.5", "should": "7.0.2", "supertest": "1.0.1", "body-parser": "~1.13.3", "connect-redis": "~2.4.1", "cookie-parser": "~1.3.5", "cookie-session": "~1.2.0", "express-session": "~1.11.3", "jade": "~1.11.0", "method-override": "~2.3.5", "morgan": "~1.6.1", "multiparty": "~4.1.2", "vhost": "~3.0.1" }, "engines": { "node": ">= 0.10.0" }, "files": [ "LICENSE", "History.md", "Readme.md", "index.js", "lib/" ], "scripts": { "test": "mocha --require test/support/env --reporter spec --bail --check-leaks test/ test/acceptance/", "test-ci": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha --report lcovonly -- --require test/support/env --reporter spec --check-leaks test/ test/acceptance/", "test-cov": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha -- --require test/support/env --reporter dot --check-leaks test/ test/acceptance/", "test-tap": "mocha --require test/support/env --reporter tap --check-leaks test/ test/acceptance/" }, "gitHead": "ef7ad681b245fba023843ce94f6bcb8e275bbb8e", "bugs": { "url": "https://github.com/strongloop/express/issues" }, "_id": "[email protected]", "_shasum": "ddb2f1fb4502bf33598d2b032b037960ca6c80a3", "_from": "express@*", "_npmVersion": "1.4.28", "_npmUser": { "name": "dougwilson", "email": "[email protected]" }, "maintainers": [ { "name": "tjholowaychuk", "email": "[email protected]" }, { "name": "jongleberry", "email": "[email protected]" }, { "name": "dougwilson", "email": "[email protected]" }, { "name": "rfeng", "email": "[email protected]" }, { "name": "aredridel", "email": "[email protected]" }, { "name": "strongloop", "email": "[email protected]" }, { "name": "defunctzombie", "email": "[email protected]" } ], "dist": { "shasum": "ddb2f1fb4502bf33598d2b032b037960ca6c80a3", "tarball": "http://registry.npmjs.org/express/-/express-4.13.3.tgz" }, "directories": {}, "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/express/-/express-4.13.3.tgz", "readme": "ERROR: No README data found!" }

npm 发布包流程： 1.创建好npm 项目 2.注册账号 3.特别注意：修改本地.npmrc 文件为：npm config set registry=http://registry.npmjs.org 4.登陆用户： npm login 输入用户名，密码，邮箱等信息 5.发布项目：1.如果是在根目录，npm publish <项目路劲> 2.或者：进入项目根目录：npm publish

注意事项： 如果报403，就是没有权限，修改registry=http://registry.npmjs.org或者是该项目已经有人发布过了，应当修改package.json中的name