slop-lint

A tiny, zero-dependency linter that flags AI slop in prose: the LLM writing tells that make text read like a language model wrote it. It fails on the em-dash (the one near-decisive AI typographic tell) and warns on the words, cliches, and constructions that give it away.

One file. No dependencies. No config. Node 18+.

$ npx github:eric-sabe/slop-lint posts/
posts/launch.md
  3: ✗ em-dash ×1  We built a tool, and honestly, it changed everything
  7: ⚠ word "leverage"
  7: ⚠ "in today's ... world" intro
  9: ⚠ "it's not X, it's Y" negated contrast

1 em-dash failure(s), 3 warning(s) across 1 file(s).
FAIL on em-dash; warnings are prompts to review, not bans.

Why

LLM prose has tells. Some are decisive (the em-dash, used where a human would type a comma or a period), most are soft (focal words like "delve" and "tapestry", marketing verbs like "leverage" and "empower", scene-setting intros, hedge-and-pivot constructions). slop-lint separates the two:

• The em-dash is a hard failure (exit code 1). It is the single most reliable signal and rarely typed by hand.
• Everything else is a warning. These words appear in good human writing too, so the tool flags them for a look and never edits anything. A low false-negative rate matters more than zero false positives.

It is deliberately conservative. The goal is a fast review prompt plus a CI gate on the one tell worth gating on, not an automated style police.

Usage

No install, straight from npm:

npx slop-lint .

Or as a dev dependency:

npm i -D slop-lint
npx slop-lint .

Or run it straight from GitHub (no npm needed), or copy the single file in:

npx github:eric-sabe/slop-lint .
# or:
curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/eric-sabe/slop-lint/main/slop-lint.mjs
node slop-lint.mjs .

Examples

node slop-lint.mjs                      # scan the current directory (recursive)
node slop-lint.mjs README.md docs/      # specific files and/or directories
node slop-lint.mjs --ext .md,.mdx src   # restrict which extensions to walk
node slop-lint.mjs --ignore drafts .    # skip paths containing a substring (repeatable)
node slop-lint.mjs --fail-on-warn .     # strict mode: exit 1 on warnings too
node slop-lint.mjs --quiet .            # only print files that have hits
git ls-files '*.md' | xargs node slop-lint.mjs   # only tracked markdown

Options

| Flag | Effect | |---|---| | --ext .a,.b | Extensions to walk in directories (default .md .markdown .mdx .txt). | | --ignore <substr> | Skip any path containing this substring. Repeatable. | | --fail-on-warn | Exit 1 on warnings as well as em-dashes. | | --quiet | Only print files that have hits. | | --list | Print the catalogue grouped by source. | | --version | Print the catalogue version. | | --help | Usage. |

Directories are walked with the extension filter and skip node_modules .git dist build .next out vendor coverage. Files you name explicitly are always linted, regardless of extension.

Exit codes

• 0 clean (or warnings only, without --fail-on-warn).
• 1 at least one em-dash (or any warning under --fail-on-warn).

In CI (GitHub Actions)

name: prose
on: [push, pull_request]
jobs:
  slop-lint:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with: { node-version: '20' }
      - run: npx github:eric-sabe/slop-lint .

Programmatic use

The file exports its internals, so you can build on it:

import { lintText, WORDS, PHRASES } from "slop-lint";

const { em, hits } = lintText("In today's fast-paced world we leverage synergy.");
// em   -> number of em-dashes (the failure)
// hits -> array of formatted report lines (warnings and failures)

What it flags

• Em-dash (U+2014): failure.
• ~100 focal and marketing words: delve, intricate, meticulous, pivotal, tapestry, realm, testament, leverage, synergy, robust, seamless, holistic, empower, harness, unleash, landscape, journey, ecosystem, bolster, groundbreaking, renowned, innovative, streamline, actionable, and friends.
• ~45 phrases and constructions: "in today's ... world", "plays a crucial role", "it's worth noting that", "let's dive in", "in conclusion", "as an AI language model", "rich cultural heritage", "a diverse array of", "not just X but Y", "it's not X, it's Y", and more.
• Double hyphen used as an em-dash substitute, smart/curly quotes (a generator/word-processor tell), and emoji.

The catalogue draws on corpus studies (the FSU "delve" focal-word analysis, a PubMed 135-term study, Gray's "meticulously commendable") plus published Pangram / Grammarly / practitioner blacklists. Tune WORDS and PHRASES at the top of slop-lint.mjs to taste.

Keeping the catalogue current

Tells are a moving target: each model family brings new ones, and old ones fade as models are trained against them. So the catalogue is sourced and versioned, and there are tools to keep it honest.

• Sourced + versioned. Words live in WORD_GROUPS, each carrying a since version and a source. slop-lint --list prints the catalogue with its provenance; slop-lint --version prints the catalogue version; CHANGELOG.md records what changed and when. To retire a faded tell, delete it and note it in the changelog.

• Find new tells by measuring, not guessing. --discover compares word and bigram frequency in model output against a human baseline and ranks the over-represented, not-yet-catalogued tokens. This is how "delve" was found; re-run it against each new model's output.

  slop-lint --discover --samples corpus/samples --baseline corpus/baseline

  Both --samples and --baseline take a comma-separated list of folders, so a model can be compared against a human baseline (general LLM tells) or against the pool of other models on the same prompts (that model's signature, with topic held constant). The model-vs-pool comparison is the more reliable one, because identical prompts hold topic constant; vs-human only works with a large, genre-matched human baseline. A --min-docs floor (default 3) requires a candidate to recur across multiple answers, so one-off artifacts are dropped; frontmatter is ignored.

• Generate the samples instead of pasting them. generate-samples.mjs sends a fixed, genre-varied prompt set (prompts.json) to each model in models.json and writes corpus/samples/<model>/. Every model answers the same prompts, so differences are style, not subject. This is a local task (it needs API keys, which never touch CI); commit the result and the sweep mines it keyless.

  node generate-samples.mjs --dry-run    # what would run, no API calls
  node --env-file-if-exists=.env generate-samples.mjs   # generate for every model whose key is set

  Set the model versions in .env (XAI_MODEL, ANTHROPIC_MODEL, etc.; copy .env.example) and just bump them there when a new model ships - no code or tracked-config edits. See corpus/README.md.

• Build the human baseline with npm run baseline (build-baseline.mjs): pulls modern, permissively-licensed prose across three registers into corpus/baseline/ - US presidential addresses (public domain, oratory), NIH MedlinePlus health summaries (public domain, plain explainer), and Wikinews (CC BY, journalism). The strongest baseline is a large body of your own trusted contemporary prose; this is a reproducible starter. (Note: vs-human is only as good as the baseline, so cross-model stays the more reliable read.)

• Measure typography with npm run stats (corpus-stats.mjs): em-dash, smart-quote, semicolon, ellipsis, and bold rates per model - the typographic tells the word-based --discover can't see (GPT/Grok emit ~9 curly quotes per 1k words; Claude none). One caveat it surfaced: literary/typeset human prose also em-dashes heavily, so the em-dash is a tell of plain modern typed text (posts, email, markdown), which is what slop-lint targets - not of prose in general.

• A monthly sweep does this for you. .github/workflows/catalogue-refresh.yml runs refresh.mjs on a schedule, with no secrets: it combines corpus discovery with a coverage diff against the public Wikipedia "Signs of AI writing" essay, and files the candidates as a GitHub issue to review.

Accepting a candidate means adding it to WORD_GROUPS (or PHRASES) with a source, noting it in CHANGELOG.md, and bumping the version. Keep the conservative bias: a tell earns its place with a source, and fading tells get pruned.

Releasing (maintainer)

Publishing is automated. One-time setup: create an npm Automation access token and add it as the repo secret NPM_TOKEN (Settings > Secrets and variables > Actions). Then:

npm version patch   # or minor/major: bumps package.json + creates a git tag
git push --follow-tags

The publish workflow runs the tests and npm publish on the new v* tag. To publish the current version without a new tag, run the workflow manually (Actions > publish > Run workflow). Catalogue/changelog and GitHub release notes are maintained by hand alongside the bump.

Contributing

Issues and PRs welcome, especially new tells with a source, and false positives worth pruning. Keep it dependency-free and a single file.

License

MIT.