Turkish Grammar Library (trjs)

A comprehensive TypeScript library for Turkish grammar and sentence composition. This library provides tools for verb conjugation, noun declension, and Turkish vowel harmony rules.

Features

• Verb Conjugation: Complete conjugation system for Turkish verbs across all tenses, persons, and moods
• Noun Declension: Case marking, genitive forms, and pluralization
• Vowel Harmony: Automatic application of Turkish vowel harmony rules
• TypeScript Support: Full type definitions and IntelliSense support
• Comprehensive Testing: Extensive test suite with 92+ test cases

Installation

npm install trjs

Quick Start

import { Verb, Noun, Pronoun, Tense, Type, Polarity, Case } from "trjs";

// Verb conjugation
const verb = new Verb("gitmek"); // 'to go'
verb.setTense(
  Tense.Present,
  Pronoun.Ben,
  Type.Indicative,
  Polarity.Affirmative
);
console.log(verb.toString()); // "giderim" (I go)

// Noun declension
const noun = new Noun("araba"); // 'car'
noun.case(Case.Dative);
console.log(noun.toString()); // "arabaya" (to the car)

Verb Conjugation

Supported Tenses

• Present (Tense.Present): Current actions
• Past (Tense.Past): Completed actions
• Continuous (Tense.Continuous): Ongoing actions
• Remote Past (Tense.RPast): Distant past actions
• Future (Tense.Future): Future actions

Supported Persons

• Ben (Pronoun.Ben): I
• Sen (Pronoun.Sen): You (singular)
• O (Pronoun.O): He/She/It
• Biz (Pronoun.Biz): We
• Siz (Pronoun.Siz): You (plural/formal)
• Onlar (Pronoun.Onlar): They

Supported Moods

• Indicative (Type.Indicative): Statements
• Imperative (Type.Imperative): Commands
• Interrogative (Type.Interrogative): Questions
• Conditional (Type.Conditional): Conditions

Supported Polarities

• Affirmative (Polarity.Affirmative): Positive statements
• Negative (Polarity.Negative): Negative statements

Example: Complete Verb Conjugation

import { Verb, Pronoun, Tense, Type, Polarity } from "trjs";

const verb = new Verb("gelmek"); // 'to come'

// Present tense
verb.setTense(
  Tense.Present,
  Pronoun.Ben,
  Type.Indicative,
  Polarity.Affirmative
);
console.log(verb.toString()); // "gelirim" (I come)

// Past tense
verb.setTense(Tense.Past, Pronoun.Sen, Type.Indicative, Polarity.Negative);
console.log(verb.toString()); // "gelmedin" (you didn't come)

// Future tense
verb.setTense(Tense.Future, Pronoun.O, Type.Indicative, Polarity.Affirmative);
console.log(verb.toString()); // "gelecek" (he/she/it will come)

// Continuous tense
verb.setTense(
  Tense.Continuous,
  Pronoun.Biz,
  Type.Indicative,
  Polarity.Negative
);
console.log(verb.toString()); // "gelmiyoruz" (we are not coming)

Noun Declension

Supported Cases

• Accusative (Case.Accusative): Direct object (no suffix)
• Dative (Case.Dative): Indirect object (to/for)
• Ablative (Case.Ablative): Source (from)
• Locative (Case.Locative): Location (in/at/on)

Genitive Forms

Genitive forms indicate possession and are marked with pronouns:

import { Noun, Pronoun } from "trjs";

const noun = new Noun("araba"); // 'car'

noun.genitive(Pronoun.Ben);
console.log(noun.toString()); // "arabam" (my car)

noun.genitive(Pronoun.Sen);
console.log(noun.toString()); // "araban" (your car)

noun.genitive(Pronoun.O);
console.log(noun.toString()); // "arabası" (his/her/its car)

Pluralization

const noun = new Noun("ev"); // 'house'

noun.plural();
console.log(noun.toString()); // "evler" (houses)

noun.singular();
console.log(noun.toString()); // "ev" (house)

Example: Complex Noun Declension

import { Noun, Pronoun, Case } from "trjs";

const noun = new Noun("araba"); // 'car'

// Multiple operations
noun.plural(); // Make plural
noun.genitive(Pronoun.Biz); // Add genitive (our)
noun.case(Case.Dative); // Add dative case (to)

console.log(noun.toString()); // "arabalarımıza" (to our cars)

Vowel Harmony

The library automatically applies Turkish vowel harmony rules:

Backness Harmony

• Front vowels (i, ü, e, ö) → e
• Back vowels (ı, u, a, o) → a

Flatness Harmony

• i, e → i
• ü, ö → ü
• ı, a → ı
• u, o → u

import { Word } from "trjs";

const word = new Word("git"); // 'go'

console.log(word.backnessHarmony()); // "e" (front vowel)
console.log(word.flatnessHarmony()); // "i" (front vowel)

Advanced Features

Word Analysis

import { Word } from "trjs";

const word = new Word("gelir"); // 'comes/income'

// Vowel and consonant analysis
console.log(word.allVowels()); // ["e", "i"]
console.log(word.allConsonants()); // ["g", "l", "r"]
console.log(word.vowelLength()); // 2
console.log(word.consonantLength()); // 3

// Character classification
console.log(word.isVowel("e")); // true
console.log(word.isConsonant("g")); // true
console.log(word.isFortis("p")); // true
console.log(word.isLenis("b")); // true

Irregular Verbs

The library handles irregular Turkish verbs correctly:

// These verbs have special present tense forms
const gelmek = new Verb("gelmek"); // 'to come'
gelmek.setTense(
  Tense.Present,
  Pronoun.Ben,
  Type.Indicative,
  Polarity.Affirmative
);
console.log(gelmek.toString()); // "gelirim" (not "gelerim")

const korkmak = new Verb("korkmak"); // 'to fear'
korkmak.setTense(
  Tense.Present,
  Pronoun.Ben,
  Type.Indicative,
  Polarity.Affirmative
);
console.log(korkmak.toString()); // "korkarım" (not "korkarım")

API Reference

Verb Class

Constructor

new Verb(infinitive: string)

Methods

• setTense(tense: Tense, pronoun: Pronoun, mood: Type, polarity: Polarity): void
• setConjugation(tense: Tense, pronoun: Pronoun, mood: Type, polarity: Polarity): void
• toString(): string
• toRoot(): string

Noun Class

Constructor

new Noun(root: string)

Methods

• case(caseType: Case): void
• genitive(pronoun: Pronoun): void
• plural(): void
• singular(): void
• toString(): string
• toRoot(): string

Word Class

Constructor

new Word(root: string)

Methods

• toString(): string
• toRoot(): string
• suffix(suffix: string): void
• desuffix(suffix: string): void
• isVowel(char: string): boolean
• isConsonant(char: string): boolean
• isFortis(char: string): boolean
• isLenis(char: string): boolean
• lastVowel(word?: string): string
• lastConsonant(word?: string): string
• firstVowel(word?: string): string
• firstConsonant(word?: string): string
• allVowels(word?: string): string[]
• allConsonants(word?: string): string[]
• vowelLength(word?: string): number
• consonantLength(word?: string): number
• backnessHarmony(word?: string): string
• flatnessHarmony(word?: string): string

Testing

Run the test suite:

npm test

The library includes comprehensive tests covering:

• All verb conjugations across tenses, persons, and polarities
• All noun declensions and cases
• Vowel harmony rules
• Edge cases and error handling
• Irregular verb handling

Examples

See the examples/ directory for more detailed usage examples.

Contributing

Contributions are welcome! Please ensure all tests pass before submitting a pull request.

License

MIT License - see LICENSE file for details.

Changelog

Version 2.0.0

• Complete rewrite with TypeScript support
• Fixed all verb conjugation issues
• Added comprehensive test suite
• Improved vowel harmony implementation
• Added irregular verb support
• Enhanced documentation and examples