tuple-result is a minimal, functional, and tree-shakable Result library for TypeScript that prioritizes simplicity and serialization.

• 🔮 Simple, declarative API: Intuitive array destructuring with full type safety
• 🍃 Lightweight & Tree Shakable: Function-based design with ~150B core
• ⚡ High Performance: Minimal overhead with just a 3-element array
• 🔍 Easy Serialization: Simple array format perfect for wire transmission
• 📦 Zero Dependencies: Standalone library ensuring ease of use in various environments
• 🔧 Functional Helpers: Powerful map, unwrap, and utility functions
• 🧵 Type Safe: Full TypeScript support with literal types and type guards

📚 Examples

• React Router v7 (CodeSandbox)

🌟 Motivation

Build a minimal, functional Result library that prioritizes simplicity and serialization. While libraries like ts-results and neverthrow offer robust features, their class-based implementations can create challenges with serialization and bundle size. tuple-result provides a functional alternative using simple arrays - combining minimal overhead (~150B core), easy serialization for APIs and frameworks like React Router, and helper functions while adhering to the KISS principle.

⚖️ Alternatives

• ts-results
• neverthrow

📖 Usage

tuple-result provides a simple approach to error handling. Here's how to use it:

1. Creating Results

import { Err, Ok } from 'tuple-result';

const success = Ok(42);
const failure = Err('Something went wrong');

2. Working with Results

// Method-based approach
if (success.isOk()) {
	console.log(success.value); // 42
}

// Array destructuring approach
const [ok, error, value] = success;
if (ok) {
	console.log(value); // 42
}

// Direct unwrapping (throws on error)
const value = success.unwrap(); // 42

3. Wrapping Functions

import { t, tAsync } from 'tuple-result';

// Wrap synchronous functions
const result = t(() => JSON.parse('invalid')); // Err(SyntaxError)

// Wrap promises
const asyncResult = await tAsync(fetch('/api/data')); // Ok(Response) or Err(Error)

4. Safe Value Extraction

import { unwrapErr, unwrapOr } from 'tuple-result';

// Provide defaults
const value = unwrapOr(failure, 0); // 0

5. Transforming Results

import { mapErr, mapOk } from 'tuple-result';

// Transform success values
const doubled = mapOk(success, (x) => x * 2); // Ok(84)

// Transform errors
const wrapped = mapErr(failure, (e) => `Error: ${e}`); // Err('Error: Something went wrong')

6. Pattern Matching

import { match } from 'tuple-result';

// Clean conditional logic
const message = match(result, {
	ok: (value) => `Success: ${value}`,
	err: (error) => `Error: ${error}`
});

// Complex transformations
const processed = match(result, {
	ok: (user) => ({ ...user, displayName: user.name.toUpperCase() }),
	err: (error) => ({ id: 0, name: 'Unknown', error: error.message })
});

7. Serialization

// Convert to serializable format
const serialized = success.toArray(); // [true, undefined, 42]

// Reconstruct from serialized format
const reconstructed = fromArray(serialized); // Back to TResult with methods

📚 API Reference

Core Functions

Ok<T, E>(value: T): OkResult<T, E>

Creates a successful result containing the given value.

const result = Ok(42);
console.log(result.unwrap()); // 42
console.log(result.isOk()); // true

Err<T, E>(error: E): ErrResult<T, E>

Creates an error result containing the given error.

const result = Err('Something went wrong');
console.log(result.isErr()); // true
console.log(result.error); // 'Something went wrong'

Type Guards

isOk<T, E>(result: TResult<T, E>): result is OkResult<T, E>

Type guard to check if a result is successful.

if (isOk(result)) {
	// TypeScript knows result is OkResult here
	console.log(result.unwrap());
}

isErr<T, E>(result: TResult<T, E>): result is ErrResult<T, E>

Type guard to check if a result is an error.

if (isErr(result)) {
	// TypeScript knows result is ErrResult here
	console.log(result.error);
}

Unwrapping Functions

unwrap<T, E>(result: TResult<T, E>): T

Extracts the value from a result, throwing if it's an error.

try {
	const value = unwrap(success); // 42
} catch (error) {
	// Handle error
}

unwrapOk<T, E>(result: TResult<T, E>): T

Extracts the value from an Ok result, throwing if it's an error.

const value = unwrapOk(success); // 42

unwrapErr<T, E>(result: TResult<T, E>): E

Extracts the error from an Err result, throwing if it's successful.

const error = unwrapErr(failure); // 'Something went wrong'

unwrapOr<T, E>(result: TResult<T, E>, defaultValue: T): T

Extracts the value from a result, returning a default if it's an error.

const value = unwrapOr(failure, 0); // 0

unwrapOrNull<T, E>(result: TResult<T, E>): T | null

Extracts the value from a result, returning null if it's an error.

const value = unwrapOrNull(failure); // null

Transformation Functions

mapOk<T, E, U>(result: TResult<T, E>, mapFn: (value: T) => U): TResult<U, E>

Maps the value inside an Ok result using the provided function.

const doubled = mapOk(Ok(21), (x) => x * 2); // Ok(42)

mapErr<T, E, F>(result: TResult<T, E>, mapFn: (error: E) => F): TResult<T, F>

Maps the error inside an Err result using the provided function.

const wrapped = mapErr(Err(404), (code) => `HTTP ${code}`); // Err('HTTP 404')

Pattern Matching Functions

match<T, E, R>(result: TResult<T, E> | TResultArray<T, E>, handlers: { ok: (value: T) => R; err: (error: E) => R }): R

Pattern matches on a result, calling the appropriate handler. Similar to Rust's match! macro.

const message = match(result, {
	ok: (value) => `Success: ${value}`,
	err: (error) => `Error: ${error}`
});

Function Wrappers

t<T, Args extends any[]>(fn: (...args: Args) => T, ...args: Args): TResult<T, unknown>

Wraps a synchronous function call in a Result.

const result = t(() => JSON.parse('invalid')); // Err(SyntaxError)
const safeDivide = (a: number, b: number) => t(() => a / b, a, b);

tAsync<T>(promise: Promise<T>): Promise<TResult<T, unknown>>

Wraps a Promise in a Result.

const result = await tAsync(fetch('/api/data')); // Ok(Response) or Err(Error)

Serialization Functions

toArray() (Instance Method)

Converts a result to a plain array for serialization.

const result = Ok(42);
const serialized = result.toArray(); // [true, undefined, 42]

fromArray<T, E>(array: TResultArray<T, E>): TResult<T, E>

Creates a result instance from a plain array.

const result = fromArray([true, undefined, 42]); // Ok(42) with methods

❓ FAQ

Why both TResult and TResultArray?

TResultArray is a subset of TResult - same array structure, but TResult adds convenience methods.

• TResult: Full-featured classes with .isOk(), .unwrap(), .value methods
• TResultArray: Plain arrays perfect for serialization (React Router, APIs, JSON)

Key benefit: All helper functions work with both types seamlessly.

const classResult = Ok('hello');
const arrayResult = [true, undefined, 'hello'] as const;

isOk(classResult); // ✅ works
isOk(arrayResult); // ✅ also works

When do I use each?

Use TResult by default. You get TResultArray from:

• React Router loaders: useLoaderData()
• JSON parsing: JSON.parse(response)
• API responses

For serialization: result.toArray() → send over network → use helpers directly on received arrays or deserialize using fromArray(result).

No conversion needed - helpers work with both!

Why do helper functions have overloads?

TypeScript compatibility. Since TResult (classes) and TResultArray (plain arrays) have the same structure but different types, overloads ensure all helper functions work seamlessly with both:

// These all work the same way
unwrapOr(Ok(42), 0); // ✅ TResult
unwrapOr([true, undefined, 42], 0); // ✅ TResultArray
unwrapOr(someResult, 0); // ✅ Either type

Without overloads, complex types can cause TypeScript errors:

// ❌ Sometimes fails with complex types
const result: TResultArray<User, Error> = [false, new Error('Not found'), undefined];
unwrapOr(result, defaultUser); // Type 'TResultArray<User, Error>' is not assignable to parameter type 'TResult<User, Error>'

Overloads ensure compatibility in all scenarios.

💡 Resources / References

• try operator proposal - ECMAScript proposal that inspired our array destructuring
• ts-results
• neverthrow